Prognostic Factors for Visual Outcomes in Closed Idiopathic Macular Holes after Vitrectomy: Outcomes at 4 Years in a Monocentric Study

Table 2

Baseline, intraoperative, and postoperative characteristics in the eyes with increase ≥15 ETDRS letters following primary vitrectomy for idiopathic full-thickness macular hole between baseline and final follow-up.

Variables	≥15 letters increase, n = 277	<15 letters increase, n = 183	value
Preoperative
Age mean ± SD, years	68 ± 8	68 ± 9	0.499
Female gender, n (%)	193 (70)	123 (67)	0.608
Pseudophakia, n (%)	67 (24)	46 (25)	0.826
Baseline BCVA mean ± SD, letters	46 ± 15	59 ± 11	<0.001
MH duration mean ± SD, weeks	11 ± 10	13 ± 10	0.042
MH size, μm (range)	382 (64–1001)	313 (50–950)	<0.001
MH cystic cavities, n (%)	262 (95)	164 (90)	0.041
MH elevated edge, n (%)	246 (89)	152 (83)	0.108
Operative
Dye			0.098
ICG, n (%)	213 (77)	153 (84)
TB, n (%)	64 (23)	30 (16)
Tamponade			0.412
SF6, n (%)	249 (90)	169 (92)
C3F8, n (%)	27 (10)	14 (8)
Air, n (%)	1 (0.4)	0 (0)
Combined phacovitrectomy, n (%)	2 (0.7)	0 (0)	0.523
Postoperative
MH residual cystic cavities, n (%)	1 (0.4)	2 (1)	1.000
Phaco postvitrectomy, n (%)	143 (52)	51 (28)	<0.001
Pseudophakia at final FU visit, n (%)	212 (77)	97 (53)	<0.001
Final VA mean ± SD, letters	73 ± 9	64 ± 14	<0.001
Mean total FU, months	30	24	<0.001

BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; SD, standard deviation; MH, macular hole; ICG, indocyanine green; TB, trypan blue; phaco postvitrectomy, phacoemulsification postvitrectomy; FU, follow-up. Statistically significant.