Effect of Anterior Chamber Instability during Phacoemulsification Combined with Intraocular Lens Implantation

Figure 2

Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) grading based on B-scan ultrasonography (US) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). (a) No PVD, B-scan US showing the absence of a hyperechoic membrane over the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer. (b) Complete PVD, presence of a hyperechoic membrane (red arrows) in addition to the posterior RPE layer and completely detached from the RPE layer. (c) Stage 0, no PVD. (d) Stage 1, focal perifoveal PVD involving one to three quadrants. (e) Stage 2, perifoveal PVD across all quadrants, with persistent attachment to the fovea. (f) Stage 3, detachment of the posterior vitreous face from the fovea, with persistent attachment to the optic disc. (g) Stage 4, complete detachment of the posterior vitreous cortex (PVC) from the retina and optic disc, the PVC is not observed. White arrows denote the detached PVC.

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