Characteristics of Optic Neuritis in South Korean Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Table 2
Demographic, clinical, and serologic features of 101 children who were followed up for more than 6 months according to their demyelination syndrome diagnosis.
Variables
Isolated ON (n = 48)
Recurrent ON (n = 12)
MS (n = 19)
NMOSD (n = 13)
ADEM-ON (n = 9)
value
Age, median (IQR), y
9.3 (6.7–13.3)
10.1 (6.0–13.9)
10.6 (7.8–14.1)
11.8 (9.5–13.8)
7.8 (5.4–11.5)
0.495
Female, n (%)
22 (45.8%)
8 (66.7%)
15 (79.0%)
10 (83.3%)
6 (66.7%)
0.247
Disc swelling at presentation
32/47 (68.1%)
7/12 (58.3%)
10/19 (52.6%)
6/12 (50%)
7/9 (77.8%)
0.381
Intrathecal OCBs
0/19 (0%)
0/5 (0%)
3/14 (17.7%)
0/12 (0%)
0/7 (0%)
0.121
Total no. of optic neuritis, median (IQR)
0 (0–0)
1 (1–1)
0 (0–1)
1 (0–1)
0 (0–0)
<0.001
Bilateral involvement
19 (39.6%)
6 (50.0%)
8 (42.1%)
7 (53.9%)
2 (22.2%)
0.788
MRI enhancement
37/47 (78.7%)
8/12 (66.7%)
16/19 (84.2%)
11/13 (84.6%)
8/9 (88.9%)
0.834
Serologic testing
AQP4 antibody
0/15
0/7
0/11
6/12 (50%)
0/1
MOG antibody
1/2
0/1
0/2
0/1
0/1 (0%)
ANA antibody
8/31 (25.8%)
3/8 (37.5%)
1/14 (7.1%)
3/13 (23.1%)
1/7 (14.3%)
Visual outcome (n = 100)†
0.720
Good
40 (83.3%)
8 (66.7%)
14 (73.7%)
7 (58.3%)
7 (77.8%)
Fair
5 (10.4%)
2 (16.7%)
4 (21.0%)
3 (25.0%)
1 (11.1%)
Poor
3 (6.3%)
2 (16.7%)
1 (5.3%)
2 (16.7%)
1 (11.1%)
logMAR visual acuity at latest visit (n = 100)†‡
0.16 ± 0.42
0.34 ± 0.60
0.12 ± 0.39
0.44 ± 0.62
0.20 ± 0.48
0.250
Follow-up duration, median (IQR)
30 (15–42)
47 (24–73)
32 (18–78)
54 (21–68)
47 (23–61)
0.003
ADEM = acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; ANA = anti-nuclear antibody; AQP4 = aquaporin-4; IQR = interquartile range; OCB = oligoclonal bands; ON = optic neuritis; MOG = myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS = multiple sclerosis; NMO = neuromyelitis optica; NMOSD = neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The percentages and interquartile ranges (IQR) are presented in parentheses. Continuous variables were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. †Visual outcome was only analyzed among 100 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months and whose BCVA data were available. ‡Visual outcome was categorized as the latest BCVA ≥20/40 with no visual field defect (good), BCVA <20/40∼≥ 20/200 or ≥ 20/40 with permanent visual field defect (fair), and BCVA less than 20/200 (poor).
