The Relationship between Statin and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of studies reviewed for the relationship between statin consumption and risk of developing age-related macular degeneration.

Publication lead author	Year	Study setting	Study design	Sample size	No. of hip fractures	Age, mean (years)	OR	95% CI	Follow-up (months)	NOS
McGwin [31]	2003	UK	Case-control	6,050	550	73.05	0.3	(0.2–0.45)	4	7
Klein [20]	2003	USA	Cohort	3,684	118	63.8	1.12	(0.47–2.67)	5	7
Smeeth [32]	2005	UK	Case-control	102,383	17,632	77.4	0.93	(0.81–1.07)	5	9
McGwin [6]	2005	USA	Case-control	12,588	871	60.9	0.79	(0.63–0.99)	6	7
McGwin [33]	2006	USA	Case-control	2,755	390	78.3	1.4	(0.99–1.98)	3	7
Tan [22]	2007	Australia	Cohort	2,335	2,335	64.4	0.52	(0.26–1.04)	10	7
Klein [21]	2007	USA	Cohort	6,176	919	63.9	0.37	(0.16–0.86)	2	7
Cackett [38]	2008	Singapore	Cross-sectional	3,265	190	57.45	1.05	(0.67–1.63)	3	6
Etminan [34]	2008	Canada	Case-control	14,335	2,867	70.2	1.3	(0.17–1.44)	7	6
Kaiserman [35]	2009	Israel	Case-control	139,894	29,417	66.09	1	(0.80–1.30)	3	7
Maguire [23]	2009	USA	Cohort	744	296	70	1.15	(0.87–1.52)	2	7
Smeeth [24]	2009	UK	Cohort	613,229	12,988	72.1	1.17	(1–1.38)	4.4	9
Fong [36]	2010	USA	Case-control	79,369	719	75.65	0.89	(0.77–1.04)	5	7
Shalev [25]	2011	Israel	Cohort	108,973	2,732	65.55	0.99	(0.78–1.26)	5	7
VanderBeek [26]	2013	USA	Cohort	486,124	223,104	68.2	0.93	(0.81–1.07)	2	7
Cougnard-Gregoire [27]	2014	France	Cohort	825	285	80.2	1.16	(0.80–1.7)	8	8
Barbosa [39]	2014	USA	Cross-sectional	5,604	1,231	61.8	0.64	(0.49–0.84)	3	8
Al-Holou [28]	2015	USA	Cohort	3,791	1,659	73.21	0.81	(0.55–1.2)	2	6
Cruickshanks [29]	2017	USA	Cohort	4,819	204	54	0.18	(0.04–0.71)	5	9
Lee [37]	2019	South Korea	Case-control	231,274	2,330	66.45	1.12	(0.94–1.32)	13	7
Rajeshuni [40]	2019	USA	Cross-sectional	3,090	1,535	85	1.27	(1.06–1.51)	1	6
Ludwig [30]	2021	USA	Cohort	231,888	11,330	46.5	0.89	(0.83–1.38)	8	7