| | First author | Year | Adjusted variables |
| | McGwin [31] | 2003 | Diabetes, lipid metabolism disorders, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and arterial disease | | Klein [20] | 2003 | Age and sex | | Smeeth [32] | 2005 | Consultation rate, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular drug use, and fibrate use | | McGwin [6] | 2005 | Age, gender, and race | | McGwin [33] | 2006 | Age, race, and sex | | Tan [22] | 2007 | Age, gender, smoking, job prestige, history of cardiovascular disease (angina, myocardial infarction, or stroke), white cell count, fibrinogen, and total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol | | Klein [21] | 2007 | Age, sex, race, and study site | | Cackett [38] | 2008 | Age, gender, smoking status, hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction | | Etminan [34] | 2008 | Age, gender, comorbidity, prior history of diabetic medications, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and congestive heart disease | | Kaiserman [35] | 2009 | Age, gender, socioeconomic status, place of birth, place of residence, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and congestive heart failure | | Maguire [23] | 2009 | Age, gender, race, smoking, and hypertension | | Smeeth [24] | 2009 | Age, sex, propensity score, year of the index, the first diagnosis of any of the following postindex dates: Diabetes, cerebrovascular disease | | Fong [36] | 2010 | Age, gender, and history of myocardial infarction or stroke | | Shalev [25] | 2011 | Age, socioeconomic level, no. of ophthalmologist visits, no. of GP visits, and chronic conditions | | VanderBeek [26] | 2013 | Sociodemographic factors (sex, race, education level, and household net worth), comorbid ocular conditions (cataract, pseudophakia/aphakia, open-angle glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy), and systemic medical conditions | | Cougnard-Gregoire [27] | 2014 | Age, gender, educational level, smoking, BMI, hypertension, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, ApoE2, ApoE4, CFH Y402H, ARMS2 A69S, LIPC (rs10468017), LIPC(rs493258), LPL, and ABCA | | Barbosa [39] | 2014 | Age, gender, other demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, comorbidities, and self-reported general health condition | | Al-Holou [28] | 2015 | Age, gender, smoking status, aspirin use, history of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, angina, and stroke | | Cruickshanks [29] | 2017 | Age, sex, smoking, educational attainment, exercise, levels of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, and multivitamins | | Lee [37] | 2019 | Socioeconomic status, healthcare resource utilization, combined medication use, and comorbidities | | Rajeshuni [40] | 2019 | Age, sex, race, and comorbidity status | | Ludwig [30] | 2021 | Age at index diagnosis of nonexudative AMD, sex, smoking, comorbidities from the elixhauser comorbidity index, and use of anticoagulants, antihypertensives, or diuretics |
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