Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Table 3

Principal causes of bilateral and unilateral visual impairment/blindness among Emiratis and non-Emiratis

Principal cause	Emiratis (n = 446)							Non-Emiratis (n = 446)
	No. (%) of persons by level of VI/blindness					Unilateral VI/blindness		Bilateral VI/blindness					No. (%) of persons by level of VI/blindness
	Mild VI	Moderate VI	Severe VI	Total VI <6/12-3/60	Blindness	Total VI <6/12-3/60	Blindness	Mild VI	Moderate VI	Severe VI	Total VI <6/12-3/60	Blindness	Total VI <6/12-3/60	Blindness
Cataract	1	4	0	5 (17.2)	0	10 (27.8)	0	5	1	0	6 (26)	0	7 (25.9)	0
Refractive error	12	3	0	15 (52)	0	14 (46.7)	0	10	5	0	15 (65)	0	7 (25.9)	0
Age-related macular degeneration	0	0	0	0	0	1 (4.8)	0	1	1	0	2 (8.7)	0	0	0
Post capsule opacification	0	1	0	1 (3.4)	0	1 (2.8)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Corneal opacity	2	0	0	2(6.9)	0	1 (2.8)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1 (3.7)	1 (33.3)
Keratoconus	1	0	0	1 (3.4)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2 (7.4))	0
Glaucoma	0	0	0	0	1 (25)	2 (5.5)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Optic atrophy	2	0	0	2 (6.9)	1(25)	1 (2.8)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Diabetic retinopathy	2	0	0	2 (6.9)	0	2 (5.5)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1 (3.7)	0
Macular degeneration	0	0	0	0	0	1 (2.8)	1 (100)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1 (33.3)
Amblyopia	0	0	0	0	0	3 (8.3)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5 (18.5)	0
Absent globe	0	0	0	0	2 (50)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anterior uveitis	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
Others	1	0	0	1 (3.4)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4 (14.8)	1 (33.3)
All	21	8	0	29 (100)	4 (100)	36 (100)	1 (100)	16	7	0	23 (100)	0	27 (100)	3 (100)

VI = visual impairment.