Journal of Ophthalmology

Research Article

Impact of Dyslipidemia on Tear Film and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Interplay between Serum Lipid Profile and Ocular Surface Health

Table 2

Differences between dry eye variables and serum lipid levels.

Variables^a

TC (mg/dl)

HDL (mg/dl)

LDL (mg/dl)

TG (mg/dL)

Low (n = 25) (≤200)

High (n = 15) (>200)

P value

Low (n = 9) (≤40)

High (n = 31) (>40)

P value

Low (n = 25) (≤130)

High (n = 15) (>130)

P value

Low (n = 22) (≤150)

High (n = 18) (>150)

P value

DEQ-5 (0–22)

5.3 ± 3.7 [0–13]

7.9 ± 4.4 [1–13]

<0.05

7.2 ± 4.2 [2–13]

5.9 ± 4.1 [0–13]

0.45

5 ± 3.5 [0–13]

7.9 ± 4.4 [1–13]

<0.05

5.2 ± 3.6 [0–13]

7.5 ± 4.5 [1–13]

0.14

F-NIBUT (s)

7.1 ± 4.5 [2.2–16]

7.1 ± 5 [3.8–15.9]

0.69

4.1 ± 0.4 [3.8–4.7]

7.7 ± 4.8 [2.3–16]

0.06

6.9 ± 4.5 [2.3–16]

7.1 ± 5 [3.8–15.9]

0.76

7.1 ± 4.6 [2.3–16]

7.2 ± 4.9 [3.7–15.9]

0.56

A-NIBUT (s)

14.2 ± 9.3 [6.7–38.2]

14.7 ± 10.5 [7.1–38.1]

0.93

9.9 ± 1.9 [7.1–14.4]

15.9 ± 10.7 [6.7–38.2]

0.36

14.4 ± 9.5 [6.7–38.2]

14.7 ± 10.5 [7.1–38.1]

0.85

14.9 ± 9.7 [6.7–38.2]

13.8 ± 9.8 [6.7–38.1]

0.86

TMH (mm)

0.25 ± 0.1 [0.1–0.6]

0.27 ± 0.1 [0.2–0.4]

<0.05

0.27 ± 0.1 [0.2–0.3]

0.25 ± 0.1 [0.1–0.6]

0.19

0.24 ± 0.1 [0.1–0.6]

0.27 ± 0.1 [0.2–0.3]

<0.05

0.25 ± 0.09 [0.1–0.6]

0.27 ± 0.1 [0.2–0.3]

0.10

LLG (0–5)

1.7 ± 0.9 [0–4]

1.9 ± 0.8 [1–3.5]

0.58

2.4 ± 1.1 [1–4]

1.6 ± 0.8 [0–4]

<0.05

1.7 ± 1 [0–4]

1.9 ± 0.9 [1–3.5]

0.57

1.8 ± 1.04 [0–4]

1.8 ± 0.8 [1–3.5]

0.73

CBR (0–4)

1.7 ± 0.5 [1–2.5]

1.9 ± 0.6 [0–2.5]

0.24

1.80 ± 0.67 [0.0–2.5]

1.75 ± 0.46 [1.0–2.5]

0.52

1.7 ± 0.5 [1–2.5]

1.9 ± 0.6 [0–2.5]

0.29

1.7 ± 0.5 [1–2.5]

1.8 ± 0.6 [0–2.5]

0.56

U-LAMG (%)

26.7 ± 6.9 [11–38]

25.9 ± 9.6 [10.5–38]

0.91

23.3 ± 8.9 [10.5–35]

28.1 ± 7.3 [11–38]

0.30

26.7 ± 6.9 [11–38]

25.9 ± 9.6 [10.5–38]

0.91

26.9 ± 6.9 [11–38]

25.9 ± 9.6 [10.5–38]

0.91

L-LAMG (%)

27.7 ± 9.9 [14–51]

41.5 ± 13.3 [25–73]

<0.001

40.7 ± 15.2 [16.5–73.5]

30.3 ± 11.3 [14–64]

<0.05

28.1 ± 9.9 [14–51]

41.5 ± 13.3 [25–73.5]

<0.01

27.9 ± 10.23 [14–51]

38.9 ± 13.7 [18–73.5]

<0.01

A-NIBUT, average noninvasive tear breakup time; CBR, conjunctival bulbar redness; DEQ-5, dry eye questionnaire-5; F-NIBUT, first noninvasive tear breakup time; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LLG, lipid layer grade; L-LAMG, lower loss area of meibomian glands; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TMH, tear meniscus height; U-LAMG, upper loss area of meibomian glands. ^aExpressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) with interquartile ranges (IQRs). All statistically significant values are specified in bold. Statistically significant level with the U Mann–Whitney test ().