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Reference | Objective function (s) | Decision variable (s) | Constraint (s) | Focus | Mathematical approach used |
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Maillot et al. [42] | Minimum cost of diet that met increasing levels of nutritional constraints | Amount of food and energy cost | Nutrient, social acceptability | Demonstrate that foods with good nutritional quality compared to their cost can be easily identified using their nutrient profiles and energy cost | Linear programming |
Pirički et al. [43] | Minimum price | Amount of food in FB | Nutrients, energy, and palatability (quantity of food consumed) | Design a diet that combines different food groups and has minimum fat (especially reduced saturated fatty acids) and cholesterol | Linear programming |
Dibari et al. [44] | Lowest formulation price | Weights of the chosen commodities | UN recommendations for the macronutrient content of therapeutic food included palatability, texture, and maximum food ingredient weight criteria | Design a RUTF prototype for treating wasting in East African children and adults | Linear programming |
Brimblecombe et al. [45] | The minimum cost of a diet | Amount of food consumed | Nutrient adequacy, nutrient density | To observe the dietary change required to achieve nutrient requirements at minimum cost | Linear programming |
Ryan et al. [46] | Minimise ingredient cost of the ready-to-use therapeutic foods | Ingredient weight, the usage rate of foods available | Nutritional, product quality (food taste and processing considerations) | Novel ready-to-use therapeutic foods for Ethiopia | Linear programming |
De Carvalho et al. [56] | The minimum cost of porridge mix | Weight/amount of food | Constraints on the weight of starch, limiting dry matter to 25%, a limit on the total mass of reconstituted porridge, and nutrient constraints | To extend LP methodology to food formulation by selecting ingredients to make up food with acceptable consistency for the intended consumer group | Linear programming |
Parlesak et al. [57] | Cost-minimised nutritionally adequate food basket | Amount of food | Cultural, dietary guidelines, nutrient recommendations | FBDGs | Linear programming |
Deptford et al. [58] | Least cost of diet | Energy and nutrient specifications, predefined groups within households, portion sizes, and currency conversion factors | Nutrient requirements and amounts per meal | Applying linear programming to understand better how poverty may affect people’s ability to meet their nutritional specifications | Linear programming |
Brixi [59] | Low cost | Nutritional value, price, and water efficiency of suitable ingredients | Nutrient, flavour, crop water efficiency | Ready-to-use therapeutic foods optimised at low cost using locally grown crops | Linear programming |
Nykänen et al. [1] | The sum of cost of eating food (minimum cost) | Weight of each food, cost of each food | Energy and nutrient recommendations, minimum deviations from the food balance sheet for Ghana | Food basket for a family of 4 (mother, father, and male and female children) that has low cost | Linear programming |
Ghazaryan [60] | Minimise cost | Portion (amount/weight) of the food product | Nutrient (tolerable levels), an upper limit imposed on the quantity of food product | Achieve minimum cost of diet while satisfying some constraints | Linear programming |
Faksová et al. [38] | The minimum cost of a diet | The amount of food | Nutrient deviations from eating patterns | Obtain a food basket for a family of four (mother, husband, son, and daughter) | Linear programming |
Hamid et al. [29] | Minimise food cost | The portion size of the food | Nutritional (amount of nutrient), acceptability (portion size) | To determine if an ideal diet that meets nutrient intake for pregnant women and is affordable can be created from locally available foods in Malaysia | Linear programming |
Gurmu et al. [61] | The minimum cost of the optimised food basket | Weight of food | Estimated energy requirement, recommended macro and micronutrient requirement | Develop a basis for food-based dietary guidelines for Ethiopia | Linear programming |
Verly-Jr et al. [62] | Minimise cost while minimising negative and positive deviations | Amount of food | Constraints on nutrient (RDIs), constraints on food group selection | To estimate the possibility of meeting dietary requirements and measure the correlation between the cost of menus and their adequacy | Linear programming |
Alaini et al. [63] | Lowest cost for cancer prevention diet | Amount of food and nutrient | Energy, portion size | This study is aimed to build a healthy and balanced menu with minimal cost based on individual needs and focused on preventing cancer (100 people from a university) | Linear programming |
Ibrahim et al. [64] | The minimum cost of the healthiest menu from McDonald’s | Amount of food | Recommended nutrients, the lower and upper bound for nutrients | To find the minimum cost of McDonald’s healthy combinations | Linear programming |
Lauk et al. [65] | Lowest cost | Amount of food in FB | Nutrient recommendations, acceptability (dietary patterns) | Optimise food basket for Estonian family of four | Linear programming |
Mejos et al. [30] | The minimum cost of diet complementary feeding recommendations | Amount of food | Constraints on nutrients, the lower and upper limits | To recognise problem nutrients in complementary diets and formulate feeding recommendations for children aged 6 to 23 months in the rural Philippines | Linear programming |
Bai et al. [66] | Least cost of diets | Quantity of foods | Constraints on nutrient requirements (lower and upper bounds) | Identify populations whose nutrient needs are difficult to meet with the current challenges of the food systems | Linear programming |
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