Review Article
How Has Intervention Fidelity Been Assessed in Smoking Cessation Interventions? A Systematic Review
| | Number of studies | Percentage of total studies
() |
| | Country | | US | 27 | 49.1 | | UK | 5 | 9.1 | | Germany | 4 | 7.3 | | Netherlands | 3 | 5.5 | | India | 1 | 1.8 | | Australia | 1 | 1.8 | | Spain | 1 | 1.8 | | Setting | | Health system | 27 | 49.1 | | School | 6 | 10.9 | | Community | 4 | 7.3 | | Telephone | 2 | 3.6 | | College | 1 | 1.8 | | University | 1 | 1.8 | | Leaflets | 1 | 1.8 | | Intervention providers | | Staff delivering health interventions (e.g., diabetes educators and smoking cessation advisors) | 7 | 12.7 | | Counsellors | 6 | 10.9 | | Nurses | 5 | 9.1 | | Research staff/trained students | 4 | 7.3 | | Hospital staff (doctors, nurses, assistants, etc.) | 3 | 5.5 | | Computer/web based | 2 | 3.6 | | Teachers | 2 | 3.6 | | Doctors | 1 | 1.8 | | Psychologist | 1 | 1.8 | | Health professionals | 1 | 1.8 | | Teachers and student peer leaders | 1 | 1.8 | | Therapist | 1 | 1.8 | | Peer counsellors | 1 | 1.8 | | Other school staff (drug education officers) | 1 | 1.8 | | Pharmacist | 1 | 1.8 | | Health trainers | 1 | 1.8 | | Leaflets | 1 | 1.8 | | Unclear | 3 | 5.5 | | Intervention recipients | | School pupils | 7 | 12.7 | | Patients in hospital | 6 | 10.9 | | Smokers (including those not motivated or ready to quit) | 4 | 7.3 | | Pregnant smokers | 3 | 5.5 | | Patients at GP surgeries | 2 | 3.6 | | Teenagers in hospital | 2 | 3.6 | | Nurses who smoke and primary caregivers of children | 1 | 1.8 | | Patients with familial hypocholesteraemia | 1 | 1.8 | | Patients with diabetes | 1 | 1.8 | | Smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | 1 | 1.8 | | Nurses and inpatient smokers | 1 | 1.8 | | Ethnic minority pregnant smokers | 1 | 1.8 | | Smokers and nonsmoking pairs living with a child | 1 | 1.8 | | Ethnic minority smokers | 1 | 1.8 | | Heavy smokers | 1 | 1.8 | | Overweight smokers | 1 | 1.8 | | Nurses | 1 | 1.8 | | Cancer survivors | 1 | 1.8 | | Adults planning to stay quit post discharge | 1 | 1.8 | | Adults | 1 | 1.8 | | Women recently given birth | 1 | 1.8 | | Smokers wanting to quit | 1 | 1.8 | | Undergraduate students | 1 | 1.8 | | Smokers with low motivation to quit | 1 | 1.8 | | Format | | One to one | 36 | 65.5 | | Group | 5 | 9.1 | | Unclear | 1 | 1.8 | | Mode of delivery | | Face to face | 24 | 43.6 | | Telephone | 7 | 12.7 | | Face to face and digital | 4 | 7.3 | | Face to face and media | 3 | 5.5 | | Face to face and telephone | 2 | 3.6 | | Face to face, digital, and telephone | 1 | 1.8 | | Unclear | 1 | 1.8 |
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