| | Theoretical framework or theory | Number of studies ( max) | Study reference numbers |
| | MI | 14 | 5, 8, 24, 26, 28, 32, 34–36, 45–47, 50 | | MITI | 7 | 2, 5, 28, 32, 34, 46, 47 | | Based on interventions shown to be effective in Cochrane review | 7 | 11–17 | | Social cognitive theory | 8 | 1, 3, 19, 21, 28, 33, 38, 45 | | Cognitive behavioural therapy | 3 | 3, 28, 33 | | I change model of behaviour change | 2 | 5, 41 | | Stages of change theory | 4 | 19, 38, 46, 49 | | RE AIM framework | 1 | 5 | | Fidelity protocol implementation index (PII) | 1 | 18 | | Process assessment framework | 1 | 21 | | Chronic care model | 1 | 23 | | Social contextual model for reducing tobacco use | 1 | 23 | | Behaviour change taxonomy | 3 | 20, 22, 30 | | Control theory | 1 | 45 | | Self-determination theory | 1 | 45 | | 5A model recommended by the US Public Health Service clinical practice guideline and the American Academy of Pediatrics | 2 | 10, 37 | | System changes’ approach | 1 | 4, 19 | | Ziedonis’ ATTOC model | 1 | 4 | | Theoretical domain framework | 1 | 22 | | AWARD (ask, warn, advise, refer, and do it again) | 2 | 51, 52 |
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