Risk of Severe Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Deliveries with Repeated and Primary Cesarean Deliveries versus Vaginal Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of women with vaginal, primary and repeated cesarean deliveries.

Baseline characteristics	VD ()	Primary CD ()	Repeated CD ()
	(%)	(%)	(%)
Maternal characteristics
Age (year)
<20	61 (8.09)	27 (3.58)	2 (0.27)
20-34	623 (82.63)	551 (73.08)	536 (71.09)
>35	70 (9.28)	176 (23.34)	216 (28.65)
Level of education
<high school	87 (11.66)	74 (9.87)	69 (9.25)
High school	189 (25.34)	111 (14.80)	74 (9.92)
Vocational school	156 (20.91)	133 (17.73)	136 (18.23)
Bachelor’s degree or higher	314 (42.09)	432 (57.60)	467 (62.60)
Pregestational BMI
<18.5 (underweight)	212 (28.30)	153 (20.48)	102 (13.60)
18.5-24.9 (normal)	464 (61.95)	467 (62.52)	462 (61.60)
25-29.9 (overweight)	48 (6.41)	91 (12.18)	134 (17.87)
>30 (obese)	25 (3.34)	36 (4.82)	52 (6.93)
Multiparous	329 (43.63)	149 (19.76)	754 (100)
Medical condition
Prepregnancy diabetes mellitus	1 (0.13)	2 (0.27)	1 (0.13)
Chronic hypertension	3 (0.40)	4 (0.53)	14 (1.86)
Hepatitis B carrier	15 (1.99)	22 (2.92)	19 (2.52)
HIV	2 (0.27)	3 (0.40)	4 (0.53)
Heart diseases	3 (0.40)	6 (0.80)	5 (0.66)
Renal diseases	2 (0.27)	3 (0.40)	3 (0.40)
Thyroid diseases	11 (1.46)	14 (1.86)	7 (0.93)
Respiratory disease	3 (0.40)	4 (0.53)	3 (0.40)
Systemic lupus erythematosus	2 (0.27)	8 (1.06)	3 (0.40)
Anemia	113 (14.99)	126 (16.71)	120 (15.92)
Obstetric condition
Pregnancy induced hypertension	19 (2.52)	41 (5.44)	22 (2.92)
Gestational diabetes mellitus	38 (5.04)	76 (10.08)	72 (9.55)
Neonatal characteristics
Birthweight (g)
<2,500	69 (9.16)	71 (9.43)	57 (7.56)
2,500-4,000	677 (89.91)	654 (86.85)	676 (89.66)
>4,000	7 (0.93)	28 (3.72)	21 (2.79)
Gestational age at delivery (week)
Preterm (<37)	70 (9.28)	63 (8.36)	86 (11.41)
Term (37-41)	683 (90.58)	690 (91.51)	668 (88.59)
Postterm (>42)	1 (0.13)	1 (0.13)	0 (0.00)

VD: vaginal delivery; CD: cesarean delivery.