Risk of Severe Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Deliveries with Repeated and Primary Cesarean Deliveries versus Vaginal Deliveries: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Maternal and neonatal outcomes of women with vaginal, primary and repeated cesarean deliveries.

	VD ()	Primary CD ()	Repeated CD ()
	(%)	(%)	(%)
Maternal outcome
Maternal vital status
(i) Maternal death	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Severe maternal complications
(i) Severe postpartum haemorrhage	1 (0.13)	10 (1.33)	16 (2.12)
(ii) Sepsis or severe systemic infection	13 (1.72)	4 (0.53)	3 (0.40)
(iii) Placental previa	0 (0.00)	20 (2.65)	21 (2.79)
(iv) Placenta accrete syndromes	0 (0.00)	2 (0.27)	8 (1.06)
(v) Placenta abruption	1 (0.13)	4 (0.53)	0 (0.00)
(vi) Ruptured uterus	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
Critical interventions
(i) Admission to intensive care unit	0 (0.00)	12 (1.59)	16 (2.12)
(ii) Interventional radiology	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
(iii) Laparotomy (includes hysterectomy, excludes caesarean section)	0 (0.00)	2 (0.27)	4 (0.53)
(v) Massive blood transfusion	0 (0.00)	4 (0.53)	8 (1.06)
Maternal near-miss
(i) Cardiovascular dysfunction	0 (0.00)	2 (0.27)	1 (0.13)
(ii) Respiratory dysfunction	0 (0.00)	5 (0.66)	7 (0.93)
(iii) Renal dysfunction	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	2 (0.27)
(iv) Hepatic dysfunction	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
(v) Neurological dysfunction	0 (0.00)	1 (0.13)	0 (0.00)
(vi) Hematological dysfunction	1 (0.13)	4 (0.53)	8 (1.06)
(vii) Uterine dysfunction	0 (0.00)	2 (0.27)	10 (1.33)
Neonatal outcomes
(i) Apgar score at 5 minutes <7	5 (0.66)	14 (1.86)	11 (1.46)
(ii) Neonatal resuscitation	59 (7.82)	99 (13.13)	69 (9.15)
(iii) NICU admission	15 (1.99)	30 (3.98)	23 (3.05)
(iv) Intrapartum deaths	3 (0.40)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.13)
(v) Early neonatal death	0 (0.00)	1 (0.13)	0 (0.00)

CD: cesarean delivery; VD: vaginal delivery.