Journal of Pregnancy

Research Article

Missed Opportunity of Antenatal Care Services Utilization and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia: Mixed Methods Study

Table 4

Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with utilization of ANC care service utilization in Eastern Ethiopia, 2019.


Factors	Categories	Missed ANC utilization		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)
Factors	Categories	Yes (%)	No (%)	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)

Maternal age	15–24 years	147 (41.2)	49 (75.4)	2.76 (1.183-6.451)	6.90 (2.89-8.81)
	25–34 years	152 (42.6)	9 (13.8)	0.491 (0.175-1.378)	4.72 (0.414-53.826)
	35-49 years	58 (16.2)	7 (10.8)	1	1

Educational status of mother	Unable to read and write	193 (54.1)	32 (49.2)	1	1
	Elementary	105 (29.4)	18 (27.7)	0.300 (0.080-1.130)	0.05 (0.002-0.984)
	Secondary	52 (14.6)	11 (16.9)	0.370 (0.092-1.486)	0.03 (0.001-0.882)
	Collage and above	7 (2.0)	4 (6.2)	0.290 (0.080-1.048)	0.02 (0.001-0.421)

Occupational status	Employee (gov’t/NGO)	62 (17.4)	7 (10.8)	0.383 (0.149-0.981)	0.20 (0.036-1.153)
	Self-employee/farmers	180 (50.4)	31 (47.7)	0.584 (0.305-1.117)	0.43 (0.113-1.666)
	Merchant	54 (15.1)	9 (13.8)	0.565 (0.234-1.362)	0.90 (0.176-4.643)
	Student	61 (17.1)	18 (27.7)	1	1

Family size	1-4	78 (21.9)	23 (35.4)	2.044 (1.001-4.174)	0.14 (0.015-1.31)
	5-8	175 (49.0)	27 (41.5)	1.070 (0.544-2.104)	0.72 (0.165-3.173)
	≥9	104 (29.1)	15 (23.1)	1	1

Age at first marriage	15-25	169 (47.4)	28 (43.1)	0.580 (0.240-1.400)	2.48 (0.203-30.392)
	25-34	160 (44.8)	29 (44.6)	0.634 (0.263-1.529)	2.61 (0.217-31.341)
	35-49	28 (7.8)	8 (12.3)	1	1

Parity	1	97 (27.2)	13 (20.0)	1	1
	2-4	147 (41.2)	19 (29.2)	0.443 (0.239-0.819)	0.74 (0.164-3.407)
	≥5	113 (31.6)	33 (50.8)	0.459 (0.229-0.921)	0.08 (0.009-0.751)

Number of still birth	0	340 (95.2)	53 (81.5)	0.221 (0.100-0.488)	0.18 (0.029-1. 204)
Number of still birth	1-2	17 (4.8)	12(18.5)	1	1

Intention to pregnancy	Unplanned	244 (68.3)	46 (70.8)	1.121 (0.628-2.001)	3.22 (1. 846-12.286)
Intention to pregnancy	Planned	113 (31.7)	19 (29.2)	1	1

Frequency of ANC visits	Once	27 (9.1)	7 (11.9)	1	1
	2 times	93 (31.2)	7 (11.9)	0.163 (0.047-0.561)	0.58 (0.065-5.307)
	3 times	165 (55.4)	39 (66.1)	0.359 (0.126-1.020)	0.10 (0.015-0.711)
	4 or more	13 (4.3)	6 (10.1)	0.562 (0.157-2.011)	1.97 (0.152-25.618)

Timing of ANC	First trimester	182 (57.1)	20 (52.6)	0.152 (0.065-0.356)	0.02 (0.001-0.346)
	Second trimester	119 (37.3)	5 (13.2)	0.058 (0.019-0.183)	0.01 (0.001-0.260)
	Third trimester	18 (5.6)	13 (34.2)	1	1

Source of information about ANC	Health institution	207 (67.0)	26 (54.2)	0.276 (0.089-0.858)	0.09 (0.013-0.671)
	Radio/TV	24 (7.8)	7 (14.6)	0.642 (0.166-2.479)	0.46 (0.028-7.530)
	TBA	14 (4.5)	6 (12.5)	0.943 (0.227-3.922)	0.02 (0.001-0.743)
	Relatives	35 (11.3)	3 (6.2)	0.189 (0.039-0.919)	0.23 (0.019-2.855)
	CHA	18 (5.8)	1 (2.1)	0.122 (0.013-1.188)	0.20 (0.003-15.663)
	Friends	11 (3.6)	5 (10.4)	1	1

value < 0.01; .