Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Presumptive Enteroviral Etiology or Protection
Table 1
Current and former classifications of diabetes mellitus.
Former classification (based on treatment)
Current classification
Cause*
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Type 1 diabetes (T1D)
-cell destruction that leads to total insulin deficiency
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
A progressive defect in insulin secretion in combination with insulin resistance
Heterogenic
Other types of diabetes: maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), genetic syndrome associated with diabetes
Genetic defects in function of the -cells. Other factors include pathophysiology of the pancreas (cystic fibrosis or pancreatitis) and drug- or chemical-induced diabetes in patients. Syndromes: Down syndrome, Huntington’s chorea, Prader-Willi syndrome, diabetes insipidus, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, and immune-mediated disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus
Heterogenic
Gestational diabetes (GD) diagnosed during pregnancy
Related to hormonal changes, low insulin levels, nutritional and genetic factors
