|
| Risk factors | Negative association with MDR-TB | Positive association with MDR-TB |
|
| Previous exposure to anti-TB treatment | Biadglegne et al. [19] | Agonafi et al. [12], Abate et al. [15], Abebe et al. [14], Nigus et al. [21], Mulisa et al. [24], Hamusse et al. [25], and Mekonnen et al. [26] |
| TB history of defaulter | NR | Nigus et al. [21] |
| HIV/AIDS | Abate et al. [15] and Abebe et al. [14] | Yimer et al. [13], Tessema et al. [17], and Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Age | Yimer et al. [13], Abate et al. [15], Biadglegne et al. [19], and Abebe et al. [14] | Nigus et al. [21] and Mulu et al. [27] |
| Being male | Yimer et al. [13], Abate et al. [15], and Abebe et al. [14] | Biadglegne et al. [19], Mulisa et al. [24], and Abate et al. [16] |
| Occupation (farmer) | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Known TB contact history | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Nonadherence to previous TB treatment | NR | Shegaw [22] |
| History of previous TB treatment | NR | Mulisa et al. [24], Shegaw [22], and Deressa and Demissie [28] |
| Opportunistic infection | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
| Newly treated cases | Agonafir et al. [12], Abate et al. [15], and Abebe et al. [14] | Mulu et al. [27] |
| Lack of formal education | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Low monthly income | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
| Cavitation on chest X-ray | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
| History of contact with MDR-TB | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
| Rural residence | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Alcohol use | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] and Mulu et al. [27] |
| Chat chew | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Previous unfavorable TB treatment outcome | NR | Mulisa et al. [24] |
| Previous history of TB treatment failure | NR | Mulu et al. [27] |
| Primary education | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
| Unemployment | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
| Long distance to the healthcare facility | NR | Deressa and Demissie [28] |
|
