Epidemiology of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Humans

Table 2

Risk factors associated with Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection.

Risk factor	Reference
HIV/AIDS	[45, 64, 82, 86, 104]
Low CD4+ T cells count	[86]
Younger age	[18, 45, 64]
Person-to-person transmission	[5, 19, 50, 54]
Injection drugs	[86]
Living in rural areas: contact with animals	[50]
Contact with cow dung	[50]
Contact with horses	[84]
Contacts with duck or chicken droppings	[48]
Having been stung by bees, hornets, or wasps	[84]
Food: watermelon consumption	[48]
Water
Consumption of nonpiped water	[50]
Hot tub, spa, and occupational contact with water	[86]
Contact with ground, surface, ditch, and crop  irrigation water sources	[33, 105–107]
Poor sanitation
Lack of flush toilet	[48]
Lack of garbage collection	[48]
Lack of running water	[48]