Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasites among Diarrheic Under-Five Children Attending Bahir Dar and Han Health Centers, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of risk factors for IPIs among Bahir Dar and Han Health Centers, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020.
Variable
Characteristics
Intestinal parasitic infection
Statistics
Positive (%)
Negative (%)
Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
value
(a) Sociodemographic risk factors
Sex
Male
25 (11.3)
91 (41.2)
1
—
—
Female
17 (7.7)
88 (39.8)
0.70 (0.35-1.39)
—
—
Age
<6 months
1 (0.4)
11 (5.0)
1
1
—
6-11 months
5 (2.3)
46 (20.8)
1.19 (0.13-11.29)
0.95 (0.08-11.75)
0.97
12-23 months
9 (4.1)
54 (24.4)
1.83 (0.21-15.98)
1.21 (0.09-15.30)
0.88
24-59 months
27 (12.2)
68 (30.8)
4.37 (0.54-35.49)
3.66 (0.31-42.99)
0.30
Residence
Urban
24 (10.9)
131 (59.3)
1
1
—
Rural
18 (8.1)
48 (21.7)
2.05 (1.02-4.10)
0.56 (0.16-1.96)
0.36
Mother/guardian educational level
Not able to read and write
12 (5.4)
26 (11.8)
3.13 (1.06-8.70)
2.53 (0.43-14.85)
0.30
Able to read and write
11 (5.0)
47 (21.3)
1.61 (0.59-4.33)
1.53 (0.44-5.32)
0.50
Grade 1-8
6 (2.7)
22 (9.9)
1.87 (0.58-6.03)
1.46 (0.26-8.22)
0.60
Grade 9-12
5 (2.3)
29 (13.1)
1.18 (0.35-3.95)
0.86 (0.18-4.07)
0.85
Diploma and above
8 (3.6)
55 (24.9)
1
1
—
Mother’s/guardian’s occupation
Farmer
16 (7.2)
40 (18.1)
1.33 (0.45-3.93)
0.37 (0.08-1.72)
0.20
Merchant
12 (5.5)
59 (26.7)
0.68 (0.22-2.04)
0.40 (0.08-2.01)
0.26
Employee
8 (3.6)
60 (27.1)
0.44 (0.14-1.44)
0.39 (0.08-1.98)
0.25
Housewife
6 (2.7)
20 (9.0)
1
1
—
Family monthly income
<1000 birr
18 (8.0)
45 (20.4)
2.30 (1.01-5.23)
0.86 (0.16-4.07)
0.85
1000-3000 birr
12 (5.5)
65 (29.4)
1.06 (0.44-2.53)
1.25 (0.43-3.63)
0.67
>3000 birr
12 (5.5)
69 (31.2)
1
1
—
(b) Behavioral and environmental risk factors
Mother/guardian hand washing habit after toilet
Always
26 (11.8)
148 (67.0)
1
1
—
Sometimes
16 (7.2)
31 (14.0)
2.94 (1.41-6.12)
2.98 (1.09-8.18)
0.034
Child eating habit of unwashed vegetable and fruits
Always
6 (2.7)
9 (4.1)
4.3 (1.32-13.89)
4.63 (1.09-19.75)
0.038
Sometimes
22 (10.0)
80 (36.2)
1.77 (0.85-3.69)
1.15 (0.43-3.08)
0.78
Never
14 (6.3)
90 (40.7)
1
1
—
Freshness of child meal
Always fresh
6 (2.7)
44 (19.9)
1
1
—
Sometimes fresh
32 (14.5)
125 (56.6)
1.88 (0.73-4.79)
0.94 (0.29-3.04)
0.92
Rarely fresh
4 (1.8)
10 (4.5)
2.93 (0.69-12.37)
1.04 (0.18-5.93)
0.96
Child nail trimming habit
Always
28 (12.7)
148 (67.0)
1
1
—
Sometimes
14 (6.3)
31 (14.0)
2.39 (1.13-5.05)
1.57 (0.56-4.41)
0.39
Child’s playing ground
Clean
24 (10.9)
67 (30.3)
1
1
—
Not clean
18 (8.1)
112 (50.7)
2.23 (1.13-4.41)
1.02 (0.42-2.46)
0.96
Source of drinking water of the family
Pump
40 (18.1)
162 (73.3)
1
—
—
Spring
2 (0.9)
17 (7.7)
0.48 (0.11-2.15)
—
—
Type of toilet used in the family
Open field
11 (5.0)
30 (13.6)
1.93 (0.86-4.33)
1.32 (0.52-3.37)
0.56
Public latrine
5 (2.2)
12 (5.4)
2.19 (0.71-6.76)
2.90 (0.68-12.47)
0.15
Private toilet
26 (11.80)
137 (62.0)
1
1
—
Mother’s/guardian’s knowledge about mode of transmission
Yes
35 (15.8)
170 (66.9)
1
1
No
7 (3.2)
9 (4.1)
3.78 (1.32-10/82)
4.03 (1.04-15.64)
0.044
; CI = confidence interval; factors candidate by bivariable logistic regression analysis for multivariable logistic regression; factors statistically significant at <0.05 value for the increased prevalence of IPIs among children under five years of age.
