Timing Matters: Effects of Early and Late Estrogen Replacement Therapy on Glucose Metabolism and Vascular Reactivity in Ovariectomized Aged Wistar Rats

Figure 1

Ovariectomy promotes glucose/insulin imbalance. (a) Glucose serum levels. 10 w, 10 w-early E2, and 20 w groups showed an increase in glucose blood levels vs. the sham group (, 0.032, and 0.045, respectively). (b) Insulin serum levels. All groups (10 w, 10 w-early E2, 20 w, and 20 w-late E2) presented higher insulin levels vs. the sham group (, 0.024, 0.004, and <0.001, respectively). (c) HOMA-IR index. 10 w, 20 w, and 20 w-late E2 groups showed insulin resistance vs. the sham group (, 0.010, and 0.018, respectively). Results are shown as the (). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test was used for comparisons between groups.

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