|
| Battery type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|
| Flow battery | (i) Independent energy and power rating | (i) Medium energy (40–70 Wh/kg) |
| (ii) Long service life (10,000 cycles) |
| (iii) No degradation for deep charge |
| (iv) Negligible self-discharge |
|
| Lithium-ion | (i) High energy density (80–190 Wh/kg) | (i) Very high cost ($900–1300 kwh) |
| (ii) Very high efficiency 90–100% | (ii) Short life cycle due to deep discharge |
| (iii) Low self-discharge (1–3% per month) | (iii) Require special overcharge protection circuit |
|
| Lead acid | (i) Low cost | (i) Short cycle life (1200–1800 cycles) |
| (ii) Low self-discharge (2–5% per month) | (ii) Cycle life affected by depth of charge |
| (iii) Low charge density (about 40 Wh/kg) |
|
| Nickel based | (i) Can be fully charged (3000 cycles) | (i) High cost ten times that of lead acid |
| (ii) High energy density (50–80 Wh/kg) | (ii) High discharge (10% per month) |
|
| Sodium Sulphur (NaS) | (i) High efficiency (85–92%) | (i) Be heated in stand-by mode at 3250°C |
| (ii) High energy density (100 Wh/kg) |
| (iii) No degradation for deep discharge |
|
