A Review on the Recent Advances in Battery Development and Energy Storage Technologies

Table 3

Normal self-discharge rates when the temperature is ambient [210].

Class	System	Self-discharge
Primary	Alkali-manganese cell	0.5% per month
	Leclanche cell	0.5% per month
	Lithium/	0.5% per month
	Lithium-ion	<10% per decade
Secondary	LSD-NiMH	4% per month
	NiCd	20% per month
	RAM	0.5% per moth
For comparison: Supercapacitor	EDLC	1.8% per day

LSD: low self-discharge; RAM: rechargeable alkali manganese; EDLC: electrochemical double layer capacitor.