A Model-Based Virtual Sensor for Condition Monitoring of Li-Ion Batteries in Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems

Figure 2

Block-based representation of the proposed soft sensor. OCV, overpotential, and Calorific Power are represented by FRBSs. These FRBSs can only be learnt from data in an indirect manner, by comparing the simulations of the model with the evolution of the observable variables and tuning the fuzzy rules in the three FRBSs until these trajectories become identical.