A Model-Based Virtual Sensor for Condition Monitoring of Li-Ion Batteries in Cyber-Physical Vehicle Systems

Figure 7

OCV estimated through Xu et al.’s method (in blue) over the OCV points obtained with the relaxation method (in red). The charge/discharge cycle used to learn the OCV is plotted along the data. Observe that the fitting is inaccurate for charges below 8 Ah (20% SoC) or over 40 Ah (89% SoC).