Research Article

RSHSC-Routing Algorithm Based on Simplified Harmony Search and Coding for UWSNs

Table 1

Protocols characteristics.

Protocol nameCharacteristicsAdvantageDisadvantage

DBRSelect next-hop only based on depthIndependent location information, decrease part of redundant forwardingLong delay, high energy consumption
EEDBRResidual energy is consideredProlong network lifeLong delay, redundant forwarding
DBR-NCCoding is introducedReliableLong delay, energy is not considered
WDFAD-DBRNext two-hop information is considered. Adaptively adjust the forwarding area according to node denseAvoid selecting the node in the void area as the next-hopLong delay in sparse network delivery ratio is low
iAMCTDCourier node is usedCourier node decreases delay, optimized threshold decreases redundant forwardingEnergy unbalance
LMPCEstablish binary treeReliable, high delivery ratioHigh energy consumption, void node is not considered
FLMPCEstablish binary tree from the sensor nodes which reside near the layerCopies in the cross node increase the delivery ratio, decrease the retransmissionRouting update is not considered, multiple routing wastes energy
GPNCNetwork coding is used based on geographic location informationReliable, decrease energy consumption, shorten delayVoid node is not considered, energy unbalance
CoUWSNUses multiple input multiple outputSave transmit power, increase data rate, extend the communication rangeConsume more energy, long delay
DEADsCooperative routing is joined with sink mobilityHigh throughput, prolong network lifeWaste energy, energy unbalance
AEDGUse shortest path tree to assign nodes to gate wayNetwork lifetime prolongation, throughput maximizationLong delay
HubcodeUse hubs as relay and encode multiple messages address to the same destinationReducing the forwarding overheads, increasing the delivery ratioEnergy balance long delay
BLOADAddressing energy hole, mixed routing scheme (including directly and multiple hop communication) is usedBalance energy, avoid energy holeThe node with longer distance to sink dies quickly
TSBNCTheory of network coding is introduced into time-slot based routing algorithmDecrease energy consumption and collisionsEnergy unbalance, long delay
NCRPNetwork coding and cross-layer design are usedHigh delivery ratio, save energyVoid node is not considered, energy unbalance
QDARQ-learning algorithm is introducedExtending network lifetime and short delayIn the mobile network, energy consumption is high. Link quality is not considered
LB-AGRNodes are divided into different levels, upstream and downstream are considered when selecting the best-next-hopComprehensive factors are consideredThe void node is not considered, greedy routing