Research on Life Extension Method of Transmission Line Intelligent Sensing System Based on Environmental Energy Harvesting

Table 1

Characteristic of battery and supercapacitor.

Characteristic	Battery	Supercapacitor
Transformation	Chemical--electrical	Electrical
Internal reaction	REDOX chemical reactions	Polarized electrolyte physical reactions
Process reversibility	Charge and discharge process reversible, energy conversion loss	Charge and discharge process reversible
Charging and discharging speed	The general charge and discharge rate is 1-5 times, the maximum discharge rate can be up to 10 times	The higher the charging current, the faster the speed, and within 10 seconds can reach 95% of the rated capacity
Operating temperature	-25°C--+45°C	-40°C--+70°C
Energy density	High, 20-100 wh/kg	Low, 3-15 wh/kg
Charge-discharge efficiency	>95%	>95%
Cycle life	5000-10000	>100000
Environmental protection	Potential pollution	Almost no chemical contamination
Maintenance	Periodic replacement	Maintenance-free