A Feasibility Study on Monitoring Pile-Soil Bonding Condition Using Piezoceramic Transducer and Horizontal Impact

Figure 11

Depth stress result diagram (unit: 10⁴ pa).

(a) A healthy state

(b) The damage state with a depth of 5 cm

(c) The damage state with a depth of 10 cm

(d) The damage state with a depth of 15 cm