[Retracted] A Low Power ROIC with Extended Counting ADC Based on Circuit Noise Analysis for Sensor Arrays in IoT System

Table 2

Comparison with previous works.

Parameter	[21]	[22]	[23]^a	[16]^a	[24]	This work^a
Process (nm)	130	90	180	180	90	180
Array size			—
Frame rate (Hz)	60	50	—	30	35	50
ROIC power (mW)^b	50	64	—	104	28	33
ADC type	PWM-ΔΣ	SAR	TS-SS	EC	TS-SS	EC
Resolution (bit)	12	10	12	14	12	14
Conversion time (μs)	37	13.8	10	43.4	39.7	40
ADC power per column (μW)	71.2	27.3	72	15	6.35	40.1
INL (LSB)	5.91/-2.28	0.81/-0.50	1.06/-0.84	+3.69/-9.83	5.73/-7.3	0.92/-0.70
ENOB (bits)	9.44	10.5	11.25	10.7^c	9.13^c	12.87
(fJ/step)^d	779.5	452.1	—	269.0	282.6	131.1
(nJ)^e	3.19	0.463	—	4.39	1.16	2.15
(fJ/step)^f	3792.8	261.9	295.6	391.3	449.9	214.3

^aSimulation results. ^b. ^cENOB is calculated as , where is the maximum between |INL| and input-referred RMS noise. ^d. ^e. ^f.