Cluster Head Selection for the Internet of Things Using a Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (SOA)

Table 1

Simulation setting and value.

Parameter	Value
Network area
Sink location	(50, 50)
Number of sensor nodes	100, 200, and 300
Percentage of CH	5%
Control packet size	200 bits
Data packet size	4000 bits
	100 PJ/bit/
	0.0013 PJ/bit/