Design and Development of Biosensors for Progesterone Detection

Table 1

Performance comparison of progesterone biosensor with metal and oxide nanomaterials.

Type of biosensor	Functional material	Samples	Linear range (μmol/L)	LOD (nM)	References
Electrochemical biosensors based on aptamer	AuNPs	Tap-water	0.0318-0.1911	0.002866	[5]
	Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2	Liquid milk	0.000001-0.006	0.0003	[35]
	AuNPs	Water	0.005-0.05	4700	[11]
	AuNPs	Tap-water, serum, urine	0.00089-0.5	0.89	[25]
	AuNPs	Serum, urine	0.00089-0.5	0.89	[9]
Electrochemical sensor	BiFE	Drug samples	400-7900	180	[36]
Electrochemical biosensors based on immunosensor	AuNPs	Female rabbit whole blood	0.0001592-0.3185	26.1783	[50]
	nsBiFE	—	—	—	[29]
Photon biosensor	Ge2Sb2Te5, PhC	—	—	—	[34]
Surface plasmon resonance imaging optical biosensor	GAMMA-AuNPs	Milk standard	—	0.001592	[32]
	Magnetic nanoparticles	Milk, artificial milk	—	0.121	[51]

Note that LOD represents the limit of detection.