Based on Sliding Mode and Adaptive Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Magnetic Levitation System

<div>Comparison of errors between PID LADRC and IPSO–SMC–ALADRC under interference changes: (a) trends in IAE error indicators; (b) trends in ITAE error indicators; (c) trends in ITSE error indicators.</div>

Journal of Sensors

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Based on Sliding Mode and Adaptive Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for a Magnetic Levitation System 