Design of Nonlinear Active Disturbance Rejection Controller Based on the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Maglev Train Traction Control System

Table 1

Abbreviations and their full forms.

Abbreviations	Full forms
APSO	Adaptive particle swarm optimization
NLADRC	Nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller
PID	Proportion integration differentiation
ATO	Automatic train operation
ADRC	Active disturbance rejection control
TD	Tracking differentiator
NLSEF	Nonlinear state error feedback
NLESO	Nonlinear extended state observer
ESO	Extended state observer
LESO	Linear extended state observer
PD	Proportion differentiation