Diesel Engine Exhaust Initiates a Sequence of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Effects in Rats

Table 3

Time course for health effect parameters measured in lung lavage fluid of F344 rats after DEE exposure or clean air as a control, represented as mean and 95%$\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}c.i$ . value ($n=10$). ${}^{*}\text{,}$${}^{**}\text{,}$${}^{***}$ significantly different from control at $P<.05\text{,}$$<$.01, $<$.001, respectively.

		$T=4$ h		$T=18$ h		$T=24$ h		$T=48$ h		$T=72$ h
Parameter		Control	DEE	Control	DEE	Control	DEE	Control	DEE	Control	DEE
ALP	Mean	54.7	50.4	47.9	${72.6}^{***}$	57.3	${44.7}^{*}$	69.5	${47.1}^{**}$	62.8	43.7${}^{**}$
	95% $c.i.$	48.9–60.5	43.8–57.0	37.0–58.8	63.8–81.4	47.0–67.7	37.3–52.1	57.9–81.1	35.2–59.0	53.7–72.0	35.3–52.0
LDH	Mean	67.1	73.5	67.6	71.1	72.3	68.4	89.3	${67.9}^{*}$	74.6	67.5
	95% $c.i.$	58.2–75.9	65.1–82.0	63.4–71.9	62.3–79.9	63.8–80.7	62.1–74.7	71.6–107.0	60.9–74.9	66.7–82.4	61.9–73.1
Albumin	Mean	204	187	209	198	191	179	201	180	195	184
	95% $c.i.$	185–222	165–209	188–230	182–214	169–213	157–201	173–229	164–196	184–206	171–196
NAG-B	Mean	1.75	${2.52}^{*}$	1.93	2.01	1.87	1.71	2.00	2.03	2.26	2.17
	95%  $c.i.$	1.51–1.98	2.11–2.93	1.70–2.16	1.75–2.26	1.63–2.11	1.49–1.93	1.70–2.31	1.68–2.37	1.97–2.54	1.81–2.53
CC16	Mean	0.753	1.138	1.011	1.153	1.141	0.946	1.022	1.065	0.906	1.293
	95%  $c.i$	0.655–0.850	0.931–1.344	0.852–1.170	0.977–1.329	1.013–1.269	0.811–1.081	0.858–1.185	0.835–1.296	0.693–1.119	1.089–1.497
UA-B	Mean	0.32	0.39	0.55	0.5	0.35	${0.99}^{**}$	0.92	0.7	0.46	0.63
	95%  $c.i.$	0.26–0.38	0.28–0.49	0.12–0.98	0.40–0.61	0.21–0.49	0.54–1.44	0.39–1.46	0.07–1.33	0.34–0.58	0.46–0.81
GSH	Mean	0.78	0.66	0.91	${0.52}^{**}\mathrm{\hspace{0.17em}\hspace{0.17em}}$	0.87	0.76	1.1	1.01	0.82	0.75
	95%  $c.i.$	0.65–0.92	0.49–0.84	0.70–1.11	0.39–0.66	0.74–1.00	0.52–1.01	0.88–1.33	0.690–1.338	0.62–1.02	0.546–0.950
GSH/GSSG	Mean	6.86	5.44	5.96	2.77	5.44	4.03	5.21	6.70	4.39	3.48
	95%  $c.i.$	1.84–11.88	2.76–8.12	3.25–8.68	1.23–4.32	4.28–6.60	1.16–6.89	3.47–6.94	5.54–7.87	3.11–5.66	2.18–4.77
HO-1	Mean	0.146	0.155	0.160	0.202	0.144	${0.271}^{**}$	0.156	${0.224}^{**}$	0.147	${0.271}^{***}$
	95%  $c.i.$	0.135–0.157	0.121–0.190	0.135–0.184	0.163–0.242	0.124–0.164	0.204–0.338	0.132–0.180	0.184–0.263	0.123–0.170	0.226–0.317
IL-6	Mean	19.16	21.79	18.70	23.09	23.15	27.85	18.84	${50.90}^{**}$	25.25	37.85
	95%  $c.i.$	11.0–27.3	16.6–27.0	5.7–31.7	16.8–29.4	10.5–35.8	20.5–35.2	6.5–31.2	35.3–66.5	16.5–34	22.8–52.9
TNF-$\alpha$	Mean	76.23	72.47	74.77	57.47	49.70	47.09	57.82	${221.53}^{***}$	94.03	${186.50}^{***}$
	95%  $c.i.$	49.2–103.2	48.6–96.3	56.0–93.5	43.4–71.5	32.2–67.2	26.6–67.6	33.1–82.6	191.4–251.7	74.6–113.5	160.1–212.9