Protective Effect of Liposome-Encapsulated Glutathione in a Human Epidermal Model Exposed to a Mustard Gas Analog
Figure 2
GSH prevents ROS generation and thiol depletion in HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were treated with vehicle (1% DMSO) or 1.5 mM CEES (as indicated) in the presence or absence of “free” GSH or GSH-liposomes (as indicated), simultaneously. Cells were incubated at 37°C for 6 hours and then stained with 10 μM carDCFH-DA to monitor ROS generation (a); alternatively, cells were incubated at 37°C for 18 hours and then stained with 10 μM CMF-DA to access intracellular nonprotein thiols (b). 100 μM TBHP (tert-butyl hydroperoxide) was used as a positive control (to induce oxidative stress). Live cells were photographed under a fluorescent microscope (200x magnification) equipped with a standard FITC filter. Vehicle-treated sample stained with carDCFH-DA (a) shows merged images (green fluorescence and phase contrast) in order to visualize live cells in the absence of fluorescence.
