Toxicological Assessments of a Proprietary Blend of Punica granatum Fruit Rind and Theobroma cacao Seed Extracts: Acute, Subchronic, and Genetic Toxicity Studies
Table 12
Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of LN18178 in mouse lymphoma cells, L5178Y TK+/−
Experiment duration
Concentration (μg/mL)
Metabolic activation system
RSG (%)
RCE (%)
RTG (%)
Cloning efficiency (CEV)
Cloning efficiency (CEM)
Mutant frequency (10−6 cells)
% SC
3 hr
0 (NC)
−
118.20
90.56
107.05
1.00
72.79
73
24
+
116.22
87.16
101.30
0.97
111.96
118
16
0 (VC)
−
100.00
100.00
100.00
1.10
95.89
87
17
+
100.00
100.00
100.00
1.11
108.72
98
15
62.5
−
80.61
96.73
77.97
1.06
118.59
111
20
+
79.19
93.96
74.41
1.05
94.38
90
20
125
−
71.65
96.52
69.16
1.06
97.45
92
26
+
56.50
88.04
49.74
0.98
102.53
104
21
250
−
39.71
93.25
37.03
1.03
104.08
105
12
+
29.59
86.16
25.50
0.96
123.44
129
23
500
−
19.16
91.98
17.62
1.01
125.91
125
11
+
12.55
100.82
12.66
1.12
77.41
71
19
0.1 (NQO)
−
50.17
77.54
38.90
0.85
402.42
472
57
5 (CPC)
+
30.37
81.56
24.77
0.91
500.45
569
49
24 hr
0 (NC)
115.91
87.34
101.23
0.90
75.78
86
9
0 (VC)
100.00
100.00
100.00
1.03
102.43
99
21
15.63
68.75
106.14
72.97
1.10
83.52
76
15
31.25
−
47.31
102.94
48.70
1.06
139.32
131
20
62.50
31.99
100.13
32.03
1.03
126.82
123
14
125.00
15.58
98.49
15.34
1.02
99.06
98
22
0.1 (NQO)
31.77
79.58
25.28
0.81
681.69
831
65
NC, negative control (water); VC, vehicle control (1%, DMSO); NQO, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; CPC, cyclophosphamide; SC, small colony; RSG, relative suspension growth; RCE, relative cloning efficiency; RTG, relative total growth; CEV, cloning efficiency (viable count) plates, CEM, cloning efficiency mutant selection plates.
