Effect of Lorazepam on the Development of the Hairy Maggot Blow Fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart): Implication for Forensic Entomology
Table 2
Developmental time parameters of different stages of C. rufifacies in the treated and untreated cultures.
Dose
Dev stage
Mean
SD
SE
Min
95% CI
Max
Low
Up
Control
I instar
22.59
0.57
0.29
22.00
21.68
23.50
23.15
II instar
24.31
0.53
0.26
24.00
23.47
25.16
25.10
III instar
28.18
0.67
0.33
27.40
27.12
29.23
29.00
Prepupa
33.49
0.36
0.18
33.20
32.92
34.06
34.00
Pupa
148.70
0.67
0.33
148.10
147.64
149.76
149.50
Adult
257.26
1.85
0.93
255.70
254.32
260.21
259.65
1 ppm
I instar
24.46
0.49
0.24
24.00
23.68
25.24
25.15
II instar
26.86
0.45
0.22
26.20
26.15
27.57
27.15
III instar
29.90
0.62
0.31
29.00
28.91
30.89
30.40
Prepupa
37.70
0.41
0.20
37.30
37.05
38.35
38.10
Pupa
153.64
0.48
0.24
153.15
152.87
154.40
154.10
Adult
272.56
1.48
0.74
270.75
270.21
274.91
274.10
2 ppm
I instar
27.18
0.77
0.39
26.15
25.95
28.40
28.00
II instar
29.96
0.38
0.19
29.40
29.36
30.56
30.20
III instar
32.23
0.70
0.35
31.40
31.11
33.34
33.10
Prepupa
42.21
0.71
0.35
41.30
41.09
43.33
43.00
Pupa
157.66
0.56
0.28
157.00
156.77
158.55
158.15
Adult
289.24
1.15
0.58
287.85
287.40
291.07
290.65
3 ppm
I instar
32.96
0.38
0.19
32.40
32.36
33.56
33.20
II instar
33.61
0.51
0.25
33.15
32.81
34.42
34.10
III instar
34.93
0.36
0.18
34.40
34.35
35.50
35.20
Prepupa
54.58
0.40
0.20
54.25
53.94
55.21
55.15
Pupa
168.03
0.46
0.23
167.40
167.30
168.75
168.50
Adult
324.10
0.45
0.22
323.55
323.39
324.81
324.65
4 ppm
I instar
35.35
0.51
0.25
35.00
34.54
36.16
36.10
II instar
35.61
0.51
0.25
35.15
34.81
36.42
36.10
III instar
39.60
0.52
0.26
39.10
38.77
40.43
40.10
Prepupa
62.36
0.43
0.21
62.10
61.68
63.04
63.00
Pupa
177.80
0.47
0.23
177.10
177.05
178.55
178.10
Adult
350.73
1.00
0.50
349.45
349.13
352.32
351.60
The time required to complete the development is higher in treated cultures than in untreated cultures and it is delayed with the increased concentration of lorazepam. Dev stage = development stage; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; min = minimum; CI = confidence interval; low = lower bound; up = upper bound; max = maximum.
