Research Article
A Clinical-Epidemiological Study on Beta-Blocker Poisonings Based on the Type of Drug Overdose
Table 1
Comparison of demographic, clinical symptoms, physical exam, and outcome based on the type of beta-blocker poisoning.
| | Variable | Propranolol N = 64 | Other beta-blockersN = 33 | Combination of beta-blockersN = 158 | Total N = 255 | value |
| Age (year) (mean ± SD)
Min-max 8–80 | 25.2 ± 8.7 | 16.93 ± 32.8 | 29.6 ± 10 | 28.94 ± 11.08 | 0.003 |
| | Sex (N (%)) | Female | 55 (26.7) | 23 (11.2) | 128 (62.1) | 80.8% | 0.15 | | Male | 9 (18.4) | 10 (20.4) | 30 (61.2) | 19.2% |
| | Mean ± SD days of admission | 1.56 ± 0.63 | 1.54 ± 0.56 | 1.75 ± 1.3 | 1.68 ± 1.1 | 0.36 |
| | Occupation (N (%)) | Freelance worker | 5 (11.9) | 7 (16.7) | 30 (71.4) | 16.5% | 0.01 | | Employee | 3 (30) | 2 (20) | 5 (50) | 3.9% | | Unemployed | 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1.2% | | Housekeeper | 30 (22.1) | 16 (11.8) | 90 (66.2) | 53.3% | | Student | 25 (40.3) | 6 (9.7) | 31 (50) | 24.3% | | Child | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.8% |
| | Education level (N (%)) | Illiterate | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 1.5% | 0.05 | | Secondary school | 19 (48.7) | 2 (5.1) | 18 (46.2) | 60% | | Diploma | 3 (18) | 2 (12) | 12 (70) | 3.1% | | License and higher | 1 (12.5) | 1 (12.5) | 6 (75) | 12.3% |
| | Type of poisoning (N (%)) | Intentional | 46 (25.8) | 21 (11.8) | 111 (62.4) | 96.2% | 0.39 | | Accidental | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 1.6% | | Overdose | 2 (50) | 0 (0) | 2 (50) | 2.2% |
| | Skin (N (%)) | Normal | 59 (24.6) | 31 (12.9) | 150 (62.5) | 94.1% | 0.47 | | Cold and wet | 0 (0) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 1.2% |
| | Central nervous system (N (%)) | Alert | 47 (25.8) | 25 (15.2) | 93 (56.4) | 64.7% | 0.52 | | Drowsiness | 1 (20) | 1 (20) | 3 (60) | 2% | | Stupor | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0.8% | | Coma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | 0.8% | | Restlessness | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (100) | 0.16% |
| | Heart auscultation (N (%)) | Normal | 54 (25.2) | 28 (13.1) | 132 (61.7) | 84% | 0.35 | | Bradycardia | 7 (41.2) | 2 (11.8) | 8 (47.1) | 6.7% |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (mean ± SD)
Min-max | 115.4 ± 15.37
79–150 | 122.6 ± 13.58
96–154 | 115.6 ± 17.37
12–171 | 12–171 | 0.07 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD)
Min-max | 74.4 ± 11.1
47–100 | 78.5 ± 8.57
58–99 | 74.1 ± 13.08
40–112 | 40–112 | 0.16 |
| | Intubation (N (%)) | Yes | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (100) | 2.4% | 0.25 |
| | Outcome (N (%)) | Recovery | 64 (25.2) | 33 (13) | 157 (61.8) | 97.7% | 1.0 | | Death | 0 (0) | 0 (100) | 1 (0.6) | 0.4% |
| | Time interval between poisoning and first therapeutic action (hour) (mean ± SD) | 2.5 ± 1.77 | 4.5 ± 8.62 | 3.5 ± 4.46 | 3.39 ± 4.8 | 0.14 |
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