Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Herbal Formulation: Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav., Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Phyllanthus niruri L. in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Table 4

Biochemical parameters of female SD rats fed exposed to SKM product (22.5; 45; 90 mg/kg b.w.) by oral route and control rats during the 90-day followed by a 28-day recovery period. Values are mean ± SE.

Parameters	Unit	Day 90 (±SEM)				Day 118 (±SEM)		Reference range [13, 14] (Nurrochmad et al. [2])
		Groups
		Control	22.5 mg/kg BW	45 mg/kg BW	90 mg/kg BW	Control	90 mg/kg BW
		n = 7	n = 9	n = 7	n = 7	n = 5	n = 3
TP	g/dL	9.18 ± 0.18	8.66 ± 0.22	8.57 ± 0.16	8.33 ± 0.21^#	7.92 ± 0.34	8.13 ± 0.58	5.5–7.3
GLU	mg/dL	93.61 ± 5.69	93.67 ± 7.00	81.54 ± 8.00	81.36 ± 8.00	64.52 ± 7.01	68.43 ± 2.39	70–125 mg/dL
TC	mg/dL	83.31 ± 6.01	74.37 ± 3.64	85.11 ± 3.62	72.49 ± 3.62	64.80 ± 3.31	72.87 ± 2.77	42–90 mg/dL
AST	U/L	138.19 ± 7.51	135.13 ± 8.51	128.44 ± 8.72	149.30 ± 16.00	161.12 ± 35.90	70.37 ± 16.33	80–250 U/L
ALT	U/L	60.80 ± 6.83	63.96 ± 6.26	55.11 ± 3.66	48.90 ± 2.03	71.4 ± 9.58	38.00 ± 8.15	25–50 U/L
UREA	mg/dL	53.27 ± 3.65	49.11 ± 2.45	58.21 ± 3.71	61.04 ± 1.29	31.68 ± 3.08	40.13 ± 1.42	15.1–41.5
CRE	mg/dL	0.48 ± 0.02	0.55 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.04	0.41 ± 0.02	0.45 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.04	0.3–0.5