Acute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Herbal Formulation: Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav., Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Phyllanthus niruri L. in Sprague–Dawley Rats

Table 5

Urinalysis parameters of female SD rats fed exposed to SKM product (22.5; 45; 90 mg/kg b.w.) by oral route and control rats during the 90-day followed by a 28-day recovery period. Values are mean ± SE.

Parameters	Unit	Day 90 (±SEM)				Day 118 (±SEM)
		Groups
		Control	22.5 mg/kg b.w.	45 mg/kg b.w.	90 mg/kg b.w.	Control	90 mg/kg
		n = 7	n = 9	n = 7	n = 7	n = 5	n = 3
Urine volume	mL	9.83 ± 5.14	12.44 ± 9.20	14.43 ± 9.75	8.49 ± 4.21	3.46 ± 2.60	1.53 ± 0.92
pH		8.50 ± 0.30	8.40 ± 0.50	9.50 ± 0.50	9.40 ± 0.60	8.80 ± 0.30	8.70 ± 0.30