Research Article

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Vegetation of Niger Delta, Nigeria: Ecological Risk Assessment

Table 2

PAH concentration in soil samples from different countries, μg·kg−1 dry weight.

SoilsRegion/areaNo. of PAHRangeMeanReference

Forest soilNorth Bavaria20666Krauss et al. [47]
SwitzerlandArabic soils1660–14566Bucheli et al. [48]
Agricultural soilsKorea16158Nam et al. [49]
Agricultural soilsShantou China1622–1256318Hoa et al. [50]
Urban agricultural soilBayreuth20280–2200640Krauss and Wilcke [51]
Urban soilsNew Orleans163700Mielke et al. [52]
Indira Gandhi International Airport soilIndia122394–75294430 ± 1450Ray et al. [53]
Military airfield soilsPoland16249–5657Baran et al. [54]
West Macedonia lignite-fired power plantsGreece1655.2–495Stalikas et al. [55]
Linz industrial areaAustria181450Weiss et al. [56]
Tianjin industrial areaChina16818.2 ± 796.2Wang et al. [57]
Novi Sad oil refinery (after Kosovo War)Serbia and Montenegro1647870Škrbic´ and Miljevic´ [58]
Kohtla-Jarve oil shale thermal treatment, industry, power station, and trafficEstonia1812390 ± 9810Trapido [59]
50 m from an oil refinery (Zelzatz)Belgium7300,000Bakker et al. [60]
1.3–4.2 km from an oil refineryBelgium73000–14000Bakker et al. [60]
Coal mine soilHuaibei and Huainan China16130–3540840Wang et al. [61]
Industrial areas soilYangtze River Delta, China16189.5–1070.4471.30Wang et al. [16]
Soils around a chemical plantShanxi, China163870–76000.012600Jiao et al. [62]
Forest fires soilSouth Korea161.570Kim et al. [63]
Rural, urban, and industrial soilsEstonia1650−22Trapido [59]
Urban soilUSA (Miami, Florida)16251–2364Banger et al. [64]
Mangrove fresh soilNigeria (Lagos)1665.5–188.0Sojinu et al. [65]
Floodplain soilNigeria (Niger Delta)16812–10700Tesi et al. [66]
Urban soilsNigeria (Niger Delta)16182–433Abbas and Brack [67]
Soil vicinity oil installationNigeria (Niger Delta)1624–120Sojinu et al. [68]
Urban soilsNigeria (Niger Delta)16188–684Iwegbue et al. [69]
Agricultural soilNigeria (Choba, Niger Delta)167417This study
Agricultural soilNigeria (Eleme, Niger Delta)166787This study
Agricultural soilNigeria (Khana, Niger Delta)166325This study
Agricultural soilNigeria (Trans-Amadi, Niger Delta)167972This study
Agricultural soilNigeria (Uyo, Niger Delta)168799This study
Agricultural soilNigeria (Yenagoa, Niger Delta)167394This study