Combining Piezoelectric Stimulation and Extracellular Vesicles for Cartilage Regeneration

Figure 1

Construction of bionic scaffold and its mechanism in cartilage regeneration: (a) microstructure of normal articular cartilage; (b) chemical structure of PLLA and schematic diagram of the construction of PLLA/EVs composite scaffold; (c) schematic diagram of the mechanism of PLLA/DS-EVs involved in repairing articular cartilage defects.

(a)

(b)

(c)