Applied Electric Fields Polarize Initiation and Growth of Endothelial Sprouts

Figure 3

EFs direct single endothelial cell migration toward the cathode. (a–c) Trajectory plots for single migrating HUVECs in the absence and presence of applied DC EFs over a period of 4 hours. (d) HUVECs cultured on glass migrate toward the cathode in an applied EF (●); cathode is positive. When exposed to 360 mV/mm, HUVECs migrate randomly on tissue culture plastic (○) (n = 11).

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