Applied Electric Fields Polarize Initiation and Growth of Endothelial Sprouts

Figure 4

Photos of endothelial sprouts. (a–c) Sprouts grow persistently away from the cell mass in the absence of applied EFs. (d–f) Sprouts grow toward the anode in the presence of DC EFs of 360 mV/mm (scale bars 100 μm).

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(b)

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(f)