Endothelial Progenitor Cell Therapy for Fracture Healing: A Dose-Response Study in a Rat Femoral Defect Model

Table 2

Radiographic union rates across the six treatment groups (10 weeks after surgery).

	Control	0.1 M	0.5 M	1.0 M	2.0 M	4.0 M
Full union	0/6 (0%)	0/6 (0%)	4/6 (66.7%)	5/6 (83.3%)	6/6 (100%)	6/6 (100%)
Partial union	1/6 (16.7%)	2/6 (33.3%)	1/6 (16.7%)	1/6 (16.7%)	0/6 (0%)	0/6 (0%)
Nonunion	5/6 (83.3%)	4/6 (67.7%)	1/6 (16.7%)	0/6 (0%)	0/6 (0%)	0/6 (0%)

Note. Control refers to the animals that received no endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs); 0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1.0 M, 2.0 M, and 4.0 M refer to the animals that received 1 × 10⁵, 5 × 10⁵, 1 × 10⁶, 2 × 10⁶, and 4 × 10⁶ EPCs, respectively.