|
Country | Study period | Setting | Age range | Sampled population | Tested samples | Positive samples () | Hospitalized | Outpatient | Sample type | Symptoms | Detection method | HBoV type | Reference |
|
Australia | 2001 | - | - | children | 197 | 125 (63.5%) | 197 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Nested PCR | 1,2,3 | [25] |
2003-2004 | Urban | ≤ 5 years | children | 700 | 41 (6%) | 604 | 96 | Nasal–throat, stool, whole blood | Respiratory infection/diarrhea | Real-time PCR | 1 | [26] |
|
America | 2004 | Urban | < 2 years | children | 1271 | 22 (1.7%) | 1271 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [41] |
- | Peri-urban | All | children | 641 | 101 (16%) | - | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1,2,3,4 | [74] |
2007-2008 | | 2-11 years | children | 149 | 7 (5%) | - | 149 | Throat, Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [66] |
|
Argentina | 2011 | Peri-urban | ≤ 2 years | children | 222 | 15 (7%) | 222 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [76] |
|
Argentina, Nicaragua, Peru | - | - | < 6 years | children | 568 | 61 (11%) | 568 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR | 1 | [77] |
|
Brazil | 2004-2007 | Peri-urban | ≤ 2 years | children | 397 | 3 (0.76%) | - | 397 | Nasal, throat | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [62] |
2003-2005 | Peri-urban | <15 years | children | 705 | 14 (2%) | 285 | 420 | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [15] |
1998-2004 | Urban | < 5 years | children | 762 | 44 (5.8%) | 762 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1,3 | [78] |
2008 | Urban | <2 years | children | 511 | 55 (11%) | 511 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1,2,3 | [79] |
2010-2012 | Urban/rural | ≤18 | children | 200 | 67 (33.9%) | 200 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time (RT-PCR) | 1 | [80] |
2010-2011 | Urban/rural | 1-14 years | children | 121 | 36 (29.8%) | 121 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [81] |
2005-2007 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 1015 | 49 (4.8%) | 1015 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [82] |
2008-2009 | Urban | < 5 years | children | 407 | 77 (19%) | 407 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [83] |
2006-2007 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 90 | 2 (2%) | 90 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [84] |
|
Cambodia | 2009-2010 | Urban | All | Children/adults | 292 | 162 (55%) | 292 | - | Nasal, throat | Respiratory tract infection | Multiplex PCR | 1 | [85] |
|
Cameroon | 2011-2013 | Urban | ≤15 years | children | 347 | 37 (11%) | 347 | - | Throat | Respiratory tract infection | Multiplex PCR | 1 | [86] |
|
China | 2009-2013 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 29248 | 551 (2%) | 29 248 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [87] |
2004-2005 | Urban | < 18 years | children | 203 | 83 (40%) | 203 | - | Stool, Nasal | Respiratory infection/diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [88] |
2007-2008 | Urban | ≤15 years | children | 235 | 21 (9%) | 235 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1,2 | [89] |
2009-2012 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 14237 | 180 (1.26%) | 14237 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [23] |
2012-2013 | Urban/rural | <14 years | children | 4130 | (16.7%) | 4130 | - | Throat | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [90] |
2012 | Peri-urban | ≤ 5 years | children | 122 | - | - | 122 | Stool | Diarrhea | Multiplex real-time PCR | 1 | [91] |
2009-2014 | - | All | Children/adults | 12502 | 225 (2%) | 12502 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [92] |
2009-2014 | Urban | <14 years | children | 4242 | 125(3%) | 4242 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR | 1 | [93] |
2012-2013 | Urban | < 6 years | children | 346 | 60 (17.34%) | 346 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1,2 | [94] |
|
Egypt | 2013-2014 | Urban | ≤ 36 months | children | 95 | 54 (56.8%) | 95 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [8] |
2013-2015 | Urban | 1 month-2 years | children | 100 | 2(2%) | 100 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [95] |
|
Finland | 2000-2002 | Urban | 3 months-15 years | children | 117 | 24 (49%) | 117 | - | Nasal, serum | Respiratory tract infection | Qualitative PCR | 1 | [96] |
2010 | Urban | All | Children/adults | 250 | 4 (1.6%) | 250 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Multiplex real-time quantitative PCR | 1,2,3,4 | [27] |
|
France | 2003-2004 | - | < 5 years | children | 589 | 9 (1.5%) | 589 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [51] |
2010-2011 | Urban | All | Children/adults | 1465 | 5 (0.3%) | 1465 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Multiplex PCR | 1 | [97] |
|
Germany | 2007 | Urban | - | children | 834 | 115 (14%) | 834 | - | Stool, nasal, serum | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [98] |
|
Hong Kong | 2004-2005 | Periurban | - | children | 1178 | 12 (1%) | 1178 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR; PCR | 1 | [99] |
2004-2005 | Urban | <18 years | children | 3035 | 103 (3.4%) | 3035 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [88] |
|
Iran | 2009-2011 | Peri-urban | 2-108 months old | children | 80 | 6(8%) | 80 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Real-time PCR | 1 | [100] |
2010-2011 | Urban | <4 years | children | 200 | 16 (8%) | 200 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Real-time PCR | 1 | [101] |
|
Istanbul | 2014-2015 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 845 | 91 (11%) | 845 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR | 1 | [102] |
|
Italy | 2005-2006 | Urban | - | Children/adults | 426 | 42 (9.9%) | 426 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [103] |
2000-2006 | Urban | All | Children/adults | 355 | 4.5%, | 355 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [30] |
2004-2007 | Urban/rural | <14 years | children | 415 | 34 (8.2%) | 415 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [104] |
2011-2012 | Urban | All | Children/adults | 689 | 14 (2%) | 689 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Real time PCR | 1 | [105] |
|
India | 2010-2011 | Rural/Peri-urban | 0–6 years | children | 300 | 2 (0.67%) | 300 | - | Throat | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [106] |
|
Jordan | 2003-2006 | Peri-urban | < 5years | children | 326 | 57 (17%) | 326 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [18] |
2007 | Peri-urban | ≤13 years | children | 220 | 20 (9%) | 220 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR/ real-time PCR | 1 | [107] |
2003-2004 | Urban | ≤ 5 years | children | 326 | 57 (17%) | 326 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR | 1 | [108] |
|
Japan | 2005-2011 | Peri-urban | 0-136 months | children | 850 | 132 (15.5%) | 850 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Nested PCR | 1,2,3,4 | [73] |
2007–2009 | Urban/rural | <2 years | children | 402 | 34 (8.5%) | 402 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [109] |
|
Kenya | 2013 | Rural | ≤5 years. | children | 125 | 21 (17%) | 125 | - | Throat | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [59] |
2007-2009 | Urban | All age group | Children/adults | 384 | 7 (1.8%) | - | 384 | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1,2,3,4 | [3] |
|
United Kingdom | 1993–1996 | Urban/rural | All | Children/adults | 4380 | 324 (7.4%) | 4380 | - | Stool | Diarrhea | Real time PCR | 1,2,3 | [110] |
|
Malaysia | 2012 | Urban/rural | Children | children | 1 | 1 (99%) | 1 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [111] |
|
Netherland | 2005-2006 | Peri-urban | 3 months-6 years | children | 257 | 4 (1.6%) | - | 257 | Nasal | Respiratory infection/diarrhea | Real time PCR | 1 | [112] |
|
Pakistan | 2008 | Rural | - | Children/adults | 98 | - | - | - | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1,2 | [113] |
|
Philippines | 2008-2009 | Urban | 8 days to 13 years | children | 1242 | 2 (0.16%) | 1242 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [114] |
|
Senegal | 2009-2011 | Urban | All age group | Children/adults | 232 | 1 (0.4%) | 232 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Real-Time PCR | 1 | [115] |
2007 | Rural | ≤5 | children | 82 | 1 (1.2%) | 82 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [4] |
|
South Africa | 1998-2000 | Urban | <2 | children | 1460 | 332 (22.8%) | 1460 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | RT-PCR | 1 | [116] |
2004 | Urban | 2 days–12 years | children | 341 | 13 (37%) | 341 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [54] |
2004-2005 | Urban | 2 months to 6 years | children | 242 | 18 (7.4%) | 242 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | Nested PCR | 1 | [117] |
2009-2010 | Rural | 3 months to <5 years | children | 260 | 30 (11.5%) | - | 260 | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [118] |
|
Shanghai | 2009-2012 | Peri-urban | ≤ 5 years | children | 554 | 39 (7.0%) | 554 | - | Nasal, stool, whole blood | Respiratory tract infection | Real time PCR/ PCR | 1 | [29] |
|
Spain | 2005-2006 | Urban | <3 years | children | 527 | 48 (9.1%) | 527 | - | Stool, Nasal | Respiratory tract infection/diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [14] |
|
Sweden | 2000-2002 | Urban | 3 months to 15 years | children | 259 | 49 (19%) | 259 | - | Nasal, serum | Respiratory tract infection | Real-time PCR | 1 | [42] |
|
Taiwan | 2008-2009 | Peri-urban | 5 months-9 years | children | 705 | 35 (5%) | - | 705 | Throat | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [119] |
|
Thailand | 2006 | Urban | 1 month-9 years | children | 252 | 18 (7%) | 252 | - | Nasal | Respiratory tract infection | PCR | 1 | [20] |
2005-2007 | Peri-urban | 2 months-5 years | children | 427 | 2 (0.4%) | 225 | 202 | Stool | Diarrhea | PCR | 1 | [33] |
|
Turkey | 2015 | Urban | Five months | children | 1 | 1 (99%) | 1 | - | Nasal, stool | Respiratory tract infection/diarrhea | Multiplex PCR | 1,2,3,4 | [120] |
|