Seroprevalence and Genetic Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii among Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Egypt
Table 2
Seropositivity of T. gondii infection in relation to risk factors among the patient (children with neurodevelopmental disorders) and control groups.
Variable
Patient group (n = 180)
Control group (n = 180)
Tested n
Positive n
%
OR (95% CI)
Tested n
Positive n
%
OR (95% CI)
Age group
Neonate
37
18
48.6
1.41 (0.53–3.71)
31
4
12.9
0.64 (0.17–2.47)
Infant
42
9
21.4
0.23 (0.03–1.85)
50
7
14
0.47 (0.06–3.87)
Child
101
37
36.7
0.79 (0.09–6.5)
99
10
10.1
0.35 (0.04–2.88)
Sex
Male
76
20
26.3
0.6 (0.17–2.47)
82
9
11
0.97 (0.91–1.03)
Female
104
44
42.3
98
12
12.2
Residence
Urban
48
8
16.7
4.3 (2.12–9.7)
51
2
3.9
2.15 (1.06–4.39)
Rural
132
56
42.4b
129
19
14.7b
Bottle feeding
Yes
38
9
23.7
0.63 (0.18–2.27)
25
2
8
0.41 (0.04–4.63)
No
142
55
38.7
155
19
12.2
Drink raw milk
Yes
30
5
16.7
0.20 (0.03–1.57)
37
5
13.5
0.71 (0.15–3.26)
No
150
59
39.3
143
16
11.2
Eating undercooked meat
Yes
34
7
20.6
0.59 (0.07–4.81)
46
5
10.9
0.12 (0.02–0.92)
No
146
57
39
134
16
11.9
Contact with soil
Yes
63
36
57.1b
6.59 (3.2–13.7)
46
9
19.6
1.28 (0.31–5.33)
No
117
28
23.9
134
12
8.9
Contacts with cats
Yes
78
34
43.6a
1.48 (0.57–3.8)
79
11
13.9
1.11 (0.383–3.24)
No
102
30
29.4
101
10
9.9
n: number of participants, OR (95% CI) : Odd Ratio (95% confidence interval), a: statistical significant at ,b: statistical significant at , neonate <28 days old, infant: 28 days to 1 year old, child: 1–11 years old.
