The Chemotherapeutic Potentials of Compounds Isolated from the Plant, Marine, Fungus, and Microorganism: Their Mechanism of Action and Prospects

Table 2

Anticancer agent from natural sources that are under various stages of Clinical trials.

Name of compound	Source	Name of the source	MOA	Clinical trials against cancer	Reference
Flavopiridol	Plant	Amoora rohituka, Dysoxylum binectaiferum	Blocking the progression at gap 1 (G1) or gap2 (G2) phase of the cell cycle	Phase I clinical trial: dose-dependent toxicity; Phase II clinical trial patients: colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, non-lymphoma, Hodgkin's, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia	[52, 53]
4-Ipomeanol	Plant	Ipomoeca batatas	Inhibits DNA topoisomerase I and induces delay in the cell cycle at gap G-1 phase or S phase	Clinical trial: lung cancer-specific antineoplastic agent	[54]
Ingenol mebutate	Plant	Euphorbia peplus	—	Under clinical trial; Discontinued production due to increase risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer	[30]
Elliptinium acetate: a derivative of ellipticine	Plant	Bleekeria vitensis	Topoisomerase II inhibitor and intercalating agent, inhibiting DNA replication and RNA and protein synthesis	Under clinical trial	[55]
TNP-470: an analog of fumagillin	Fungi	Aspergillus fumigates	Inhibits angiogenesis	Clinical trials for its antiangiogenic agent to treat breast, prostrate, brain cancer, and Kaposi sarcoma
CKD-732 (O-(4-dimethylaminoethoxycinnamoyl)fumagillol)	Fungi	Aspergillus fumigates	Inhibits angiogenesis	Phase I: in combination was checked for tolerability and safety; Phase II: recommended dose determined	[56–59]
Irofulven synthetic analogue of illudin S	Fungi	Omphalotus illudens	Alkylating agent	Irofulvene in treating patients with stage III or stage IV pancreatic cancer. Clinical trial was conducted. Details not available.	[60, 61]
Plinabulin	Marine fungus	Aspergillus ustus		Clinical trial: positive result	[62, 63]