Research Article

Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 2

Risk factors associated with baseline CD4 (linear regression model), Iran, 1997–2021.

VariablesCategoriesUnadjusted coefficient (95% CI)-valueAdjusted coefficient (95% CI)-value

Age at diagnosis (years)<3011
30–39−127.65(−194.63, −60.46)<0.001−77.86(−142.31, −13.41)0.018
≥40−200.53(−264.44, −136.62)<0.001−111.99(−174.70, −49.27)<0.001

SexMale11
Female68.57(39.92, 97.23)<0.00144.12(17.86, 70.38)0.001

Education (at diagnosis)Illiterate and primary11
Secondary school25.69(−7.89, 59.27)0.13435.65(5.34, 65.97)0.021
High school and diploma15.73(−21.79, 53.26)0.411−1.98(−35.72, 31.76)0.908
Academic79.51(23.56,135.46)0.00539.60(−11.75, 90.96)0.131

Marital statusMarried11
Single−9.22(−44.79, 26.34)0.611
Widowed/divorced−22.02(−55.38, 11.33)0.195

OccupationEmployed11
Unemployed19.62(−8.57, 47.83)0.172

Incarceration historyNo11
Yes−36.60(−64.51, −8.69)0.010

History of addictionNo11
Yes−53.89(−81.74, −26.03)<0.001

Route of transmissionSexual route11
Injection drug use−83.47(−113.18, −53.76)<0.001
Others−100.95(−142.10, −59.81)<0.001

TB coinfectionNo11
Yes−106.78(−167.66, −45.90)0.001

HCV coinfectionNo11
Yes−36.08(−65.00, −7.15)0.015

HBV coinfectionNo11
Yes−97.14(−144.97, −49.32)<0.001

WHO clinical stageI11
II−118.54(−150.98, −86.11)<0.001−105.74(−139.09, −72.40)<0.001
III−235.88(−265.74, −206.02)<0.001−215.59(−246.81, −184.36)<0.001
IV−268.94(−309.12, −228.75)<0.001−254.53(−298.82, −210.24)<0.001

Hemoglobin12.31(6.68, 17.93)<0.0015.23(0.25, 10.20)0.039