Factors Associated with Baseline CD4 Cell Counts and Advanced HIV Disease among Male and Female HIV-Positive Patients in Iran: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 3

Adjusted association of study variables with advanced HIV disease, Iran, 1997–2021.

Variables	Categories	Unadjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	-value	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)	-value
Age at diagnosis (years)	<30	1	—	1	—
	30–39	2.26(1.17–4.37)	0.015	2.13(1.08–4.22)	0.029
	≥40	3.18(1.69–6.00)	<0.001	2.68(1.38–5.19)	0.003
Sex	Male	1	—	1	—
	Female	0.61(0.49–0.77)	<0.001	0.62(0.44–0.85)	0.004
Education (at diagnosis)	Illiterate and primary	1	—	1	—
	Secondary school	0.84(0.66–1.06)	0.159	—	—
	High school and diploma	0.94(0.71–1.24)	0.690	—	—
	Academic	0.57(0.36–0.91)	0.020	—	—
Marital status	Married	1	—	1	—
	Single	1.14(0.89–1.47)	0.272	-	—
	Widowed/divorced	1.24(0.97–1.59)	0.074	-	—
Occupation	Employed	1	—	1	—
	Unemployed	1.00(0.82–1.23)	0.947	—	—
Incarceration history	No	1	—	1	—
	Yes	1.25(1.02–1.54)	0.028	—	—
History of addiction	No	1	—	1	—
	Yes	1.37(1.11–1.70)	0.003	—	—
Route of transmission	Sexual route	1	—	1	—
	Injection drug use	1.56(1.25–1.95)	<0.001	0.95(0.68–1.31)	0.760
	Others	2.85(1.96–4.15)	<0.001	2.32(1.56–3.46)	<0.001
TB coinfection	No	1	—	1	—
	Yes	2.50(1.66–3.76)	<0.001	1.98(1.29–3.02)	0.001
HCV coinfection	No	1	—	1	—
	Yes	1.02(0.83–1.25)	0.800	—	—
HBV coinfection	No	1	—	1	—
	Yes	2.04(1.40–2.94)	<0.001	1.58(1.07–2.38)	0.022
Hemoglobin		0.88(0.85–0.91)	<0.001	0.89(0.85–0.92)	<0.001