Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves Methanolic Extract against In Vitro Growth of Several Babesia Species and Theileria equi and the In Vivo Growth of Babesia microti

Figure 3

In vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of moringa oleifera leaves (MOL), diminazene aceturate (DA), and the combination of both drugs on the growth of Babesia microti. (a) Drug inhibitory effects. (b) PCR of the ss-rRNA gene in the blood of B. microti–infected mice. All mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1 × 10⁷B. microti-RBCs. The treatment started when parasitemia reached approximately 1% in the infected mice and continued for 5 successive days. In the control group, mice were injected with I/P doses of DMSO in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (0.02%). DA and MOL were administrated in subcutaneous and oral dosages, respectively. Drugs in the combination therapy were administrated during the same inoculation time. Each value represents the mean ± standard deviation of five mice per experimental group. Asterisks indicate significant differences (ANOVA; ) between the MOH–treated and control groups. PC, positive control; NC, negative control. M indicates a 100 bp DNA ladder. Treatment time is indicated by an arrow (4–8 days post inoculation).

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