Terpenoids and Bio-Functions of Essential Oils Hydrodistilled Differently from Freshly Immature and Mature Blumea balsamifera Leaves

Table 3

Content of seven major terpenoids in essential oils from immature and mature leaves of B. balsamifera with different hydrodistillation periods.

Treatment		(g thiophene^1/100 g FW)
Maturity	Time	Camphor	L-borneol	Silphiperfol-5-ene	7-Epi-silphiperfol-5-ene	ß-caryophyllene	ɤ-eudesmol	α-Eudesmol
Immature		24.55 ± 43.61^a	5.73 ± 10.74^a	1.31 ± 1.88^b	2.67 ± 1.88^a	5.70 ± 9.04^a	2.60 ± 0.80^a	1.68 ± 1.28^a
Mature		22.86 ± 39.75^a	4.00 ± 6.93^a	1.46 ± 1.94^a	2.88 ± 1.94^a	4.56 ± 6.72^b	2.03 ± 0.54^b	1.35 ± 0.95^b
F test (maturity)		ns	ns		ns
	0–6 hrs	92.31 ± 11.38^a	18.93 ± 6.82^a	4.52 ± 0.29^a	9.11 ± 0.51^a	18.10 ± 3.13^a	3.00 ± 0.47^a	3.31 ± 0.58^a
	6–12 hrs	2.18 ± 0.57^b	0.46 ± 0.15^b	0.64 ± 0.18^b	1.27 ± 0.33^b	1.74 ± 0.31^b	2.59 ± 0.34^b	0.94 ± 0.09^b
	12–18 hrs	0.26 ± 0.11^b	0.06 ± 0.02^b	0.25 ± 0.05^c	0.47 ± 0.10^c	0.48 ± 0.10^c	2.16 ± 0.74^bc	1.08 ± 0.37^b
	18–24 hrs	0.07 ± 0.04^b	0.01 ± 0.01^b	0.13 ± 0.04^c	0.25 ± 0.07^c	0.20 ± 0.06^c	1.51 ± 0.29^c	0.73 ± 0.13^b
F test (time)
(Maturity × time)		ns	ns	ns	ns		ns	ns
Immature	0–6 hrs	95.98 ± 15.96^a	22.40 ± 8.88^a	4.41 ± 0.31^a	9.00 ± 0.64^a	20.58 ± 2.22^a	3.39 ± 0.28^a	3.71 ± 0.56^a
	6–12 hrs	1.97 ± 0.58^b	0.47 ± 0.20^c	0.51 ± 0.03^bc	1.04 ± 0.07^bc	1.60 ± 0.17^cd	2.88 ± 0.17^ab	0.99 ± 0.04^cd
	12–18 hrs	0.22 ± 0.14^b	0.06 ± 0.03^c	0.23 ± 0.04^d	0.43 ± 0.08^d	0.47 ± 0.12^cd	2.50 ± 0.93^abc	1.23 ± 0.47^c
	18–24 hrs	0.04 ± 0.03^b	0.01 ± 0.00^c	0.11 ± 0.02^d	0.20 ± 0.04^d	0.16 ± 0.05^d	1.65 ± 0.32^cd	0.78 ± 0.15^cd
Mature	0–6 hrs	88.64 ± 5.34^a	15.46 ± 1.19^b	4.64 ± 0.25^a	9.21 ± 0.44^a	15.62 ± 1.02^b	2.61 ± 0.17^abc	2.90 ± 0.15^b
	6–12 hrs	2.40 ± 0.59^b	0.45 ± 0.11^c	0.77 ± 0.17^b	1.50 ± 0.34^b	1.87 ± 0.39^c	2.29 ± 0.11^cd	0.90 ± 0.11^cd
	12–18 hrs	0.30 ± 0.08^b	0.06 ± 0.01^c	0.27 ± 0.06^cd	0.52 ± 0.10^cd	0.50 ± 0.11^cd	1.83 ± 0.43^bcd	0.94 ± 0.23^cd
	18–24 hrs	0.09 ± 0.04^b	0.02 ± 0.01^c	0.16 ± 0.03^d	0.29 ± 0.06^d	0.23 ± 0.05^cd	1.36 ± 0.23^d	0.67 ± 0.14^d
F-test
C.V. (%)		25.13	65.12	11.36	11.04	17.11	24.99	18.93

Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3) (¹calculated by comparing to thiophene). Values in the same column followed by different letters indicate significant differences at  < 0.05 according to Duncan’s multiple range test; ns: not significant, : significant at  < 0.05, and : significant at  < 0.01 level.