| Time of sample† collection | Target | Assay employed for diagnosis‡ | Gestational weeks | At or after birth | Antibodies against T. gondii | Parasite and/or DNA | Immunoassay | PCR | Bioassay | Others | Ref. | 1 to 13 | 14 to 26 | 27 to 41 | | Mouse inoculation | |
| M-PB | M-PB, N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | IgM, IgG | — | ISAGA for IgM; SFDT for IgG | — | — | — | [46] | | — | | N-CB | — | Yes | — | 529-bp and B1 genes (qPCR) | — | — | [68] | M-PB | M-PB, P-CB | M-PB, N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the 1st year of life) | IgM, IgG, IgA | Yes | [dnr] (M-PB); ISAGA and IMX toxo for IgM (P-CB, N-CB, N-PB); IFAT AND FEIA for IgG (N-CB, N-PB); ICT for IgA (P-CB, N-CB, N-PB); laser immunonephelometry for total IgG, IgM, and IgA (N-PB) | — | Swiss Webster female mice (P-CB and N-CB) | Laser immunonephelometry for C4 complement and orosomucoid (N-PB) | [64] | M-PB | M-PB, N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | Yes | IFAT, MEIA, and ISAGA for IgM (M-PB, N-PB); DA, MEIA, and IFAT for IgG (M-PB, N-PB); (dnr) for IgA (N-PB) | B1 gene (N-CB) | (dnr) (N-CB) | — | [67] | | — | | N-CB, N-PB | IgM, IgA | — | ISAGA for IgM and ELISA for IgA | — | — | — | [66] | | — | | M-PB, N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | IgM, IgG | — | ISAGA, ELISA, and IFAT for IgM; WB for IgG and IgM | — | — | — | [62] | | — | | M-PB | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM, IgG, and IgA; WB for IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG avidity | — | — | — | [69] | | — | | M-PB, N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | IgM, IgG | — | WB for IgM and IgG (M-PB, N-CB, N-PB); ISAGA for IgM and IgA (N-PB); immunoenzymatic method (VIDAS toxo IgGII, VIDAS toxo IgG, IgG enzygnost toxoplasmosis) for IgG (N-PB) | — | — | — | [42] | M-PB | | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | Architect for IgM; architect and VIDAS for IgG; platelia for IgA; architect and VIDAS for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [54] | M-PB | N-PB | IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 | — | ELISA | — | — | — | [32] | | — | | N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | | Yes | — | 529-bp and B1 genes (qPCR) | — | — | [18] | | P-CB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgA | — | ISAGA for IgM; ELISA for IgG and IgA | — | — | | [14] | M-PB | | N-CB | IgM, IgG avidity | Yes | Plateria for IgM (N-CB); enzygnost for IgG avidity (M-PB) | B1, cdk, BSR4, and SAG5E genes (nested-PCR) | — | — | [15] | M-PB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM and IgG; platelia for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [57] | M-PB | N-CB | IgM, IgG | — | Enzygnost for IgG avidity (M-PB); plateria for IgM (N-CB) | — | — | — | [19] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | ECLIA (elecsys), WB, IFAT, and platelia for IgG; ECLIA (elecsys), platelia and ISAGA for IgM | — | — | — | [40] | M-PB | N-PB | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | MEIA for IgG; ELFA, VIDAS for IgM; VIDAS and ELFA for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [29] | M-PB | N-PB | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | FEIA for IgM (M-PB); ELISA for IgG and IgG avidity (M-PB, N-PB) | — | — | — | [34] | M-PB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM; SFDT, AC/HS for IgG; ELISA for IgA; ELISA and ISAGA for IgE; VIDAS for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [25] | M-PB | N-PB (follow-up during the first year of life) | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | VIDAS, ELISA, WB for IgM (M-PB); VIDAS, enzygnost, and WB for IgG (M-PB); VIDAS for IgG avidity (M-PB); ISAGA and WB for IgM (N-PB); enzygnost and WB for IgG (N-PB) | — | — | — | [63] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | VIDAS for IgM, IgG, and IgG avidity; platelia for IgA; recombinant protein enzyme immunoassay (GRA3, GRA7, MIC3, and SAG1) for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [26] | M-PB | M-PB, N-PB (follow-up during two year of life) | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | Access, VIDAS and IFA for IgG; access, IFA and ISAGA for IgM; VIDAS for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [27] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | MEIA, EIA, ISAGA, and architect for IgM; MEIA, EIA, IFI, SFDT, and architect for IgG; VIDAS and architect for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [35] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | ISAGA and vitros for IgM; SFDT and vitros for IgG | — | — | — | [36] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | IF, platelia, and ISAGA for IgM; IF and platelia for IgG; platelia for IgA; platelia for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [30] | M-PB | — | IgG | — | ELISA and IFA for IgG; WB with sera against tachyzoites proteins | — | — | — | [43] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | Yes | ELISA for IgG and IgM | TGR1E gene, RFLP at SAG2 locus | — | — | [16] | M-PB | — | IgG | — | ELISA, SAG2-LFIA, ROP2-LFIA, and SAG2 + ROP2-LFIA | — | — | — | [44] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | ELISA, IF, ISAGA, and rMEP-ELISA for IgM; ELISA, IF, and rMEP-ELISA for IgG; ISAGA for IgA; VIDAS for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [47] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | EIA (platelia-toxo IgM®) for IgM; EIA (platelia-toxo IgG®), FAT (toxospot IF®), and WB (LDBIO-toxo II IgG®) for IgG | — | — | — | [48] | M-PB | N-PB | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | VIDAS, architect, liaison, IFAT, ISAGA for IgM, VIDAS, architect, liaison, IFAT, and SFDT for IgG; VIDAS, architect, and liaison IgG avidity | — | — | — | [49] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | CML for IgM; IFI, CML, and ELISA-rROP2 for IgG; CML for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [53] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELFA, IFAT for IgM; ELFA, and IFAT for IgG; ELISA for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [55] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | Architect, platelia, and VIDAS for IgM; architect, platelia, VIDAS, liaison toxo IgG II®, elecsys toxo IgG® TGS TA toxo IgG®, and WB (LDBIO-toxo II IgG®) for IgG | — | — | — | [58] | M-PB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | Yes | ELISA for IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgG avidity | B1 gene (nested PCR); P30 gene (PCR-ELISA) | — | — | [21] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | EIA (platelia-toxo IgM®) for IgM; EIA (platelia-toxo IgG®), FAT (ToxoSpot IF®), WB (LDBIO-toxo II IgG western blot®), and homemade WB with soluble tachyzoite antigens for IgG | — | — | — | [50] | M-PB | | | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM; SFDT and AC/HS for IgG; ELISA for IgA; ELISA and ISAGA for IgE; EIA for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [24] | M-PB | N-PB | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ISAGA for IgM; SFDT for IgG | — | — | — | [13] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | Yes | Latex agglutination test (latex-toxo kit ELISA) for IgM; ELISA for IgG; ELISA for IgG avidity | 529-bp | — | — | [52] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM; IFAT and ELISA with rP35a or rP22a proteins for IgG; ELISA (VIDAS) and ELISA with rP35a or rP22a proteins for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [56] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM; IFAT and ELISA with P22Ag protein for IgG; ELISA (VIDAS) and IA with LPC-P22Ag protein for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [60] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | IF and ELISA for IgM; IF and ELISA for IgG, EIA for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [59] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA (platelia) for IgM; ELISA (platelia) for IgG; platelia for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [51] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | ISAGA and ECLIA for IgM; SFDT and ECLIA for IgG | — | — | — | [38] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | VIDAS, IF, ISAGA, and euroimmun ELISA for IgM; VIDAS, IF, euroimmun ELISA and ELISA with GRA6 protein for IgG for IgG; euroimmun ELISA and ELISA with GRA6 protein for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [39] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM; SFDT and AC/HS for IgG; ELISA for IgA; VIDAS for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [61] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | — | VIDAS, IF, ISAGA, euroimmun ELISA, and ELISA with rGRA6 for IgM; VIDAS, IF, euroimmun ELISA, and ELISA with rGRA6 for IgG | — | — | — | [33] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | Yes | ELISA for IgM and IgG | B1 gene | — | — | [45] | M-PB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | Yes | VIDAS for IgM, IgG, and IgG avidity | B1 gene (nested PCR) | — | — | [31] | M-PB | — | IgM, IgG | Yes | ELISA for IgM and IgG | B1 gene (nested PCR) | — | — | [28] | M-PB | — | | Yes | — | B1 gene | — | — | [65] | M-PB | | N-PB (follow-up during two years of life) | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | IF for IgM and IgG (M-PB); VIDAS for IgG avidity (M-PB); [dnr] for IgM and IgG (N-PB) | — | — | Blood count and liver enzymes (N-PB) | [22] | M-PB | M-PB, N-PB | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA and WB for IgM (M-PB, N-PB); ISAGA for IgM (N-PB); ELISA and WB for IgG (M-PB, N-PB); ELISA for IgG avidity (M-PB) | — | — | — | [23] | M-PB | N-CB, N-PB (follow-up during two years of life) | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM (M-PB); ELISA for IgG avidity (M-PB); [dnr] for IgM and IgG (N-CB); MEIA, ELFA and IFAT for IgM (N-PB), MEIA for IgG (N-PB); ELISA for IgA (N-PB) | — | — | — | [37] | M-PB | | — | IgM, IgG, IgG avidity | — | ELISA for IgM and IgG; ELISA euroimmun for IgG avidity | — | — | — | [41] | M-PB | N-PB (follow-up during two years of life) | IgM, IgG, IgA, IgG avidity | — | VIDAS, vidia, AxSYM, architect, cobas, enzygnost, advia centaur, platelia, liaison, ISAGA, ICT, and IFAT for IgM (M-PB); VIDAS, vidia, AxSYM, architect, cobas, enzygnost, advia centaur, platelia, liaison, IFAT, toxo-screen, WB (LDBio toxo II IgG), HSDA, IA, and SFDT for IgG (M-PB); ISAGA, ICT, and platelia for IgA (M-PB); VIDAS, platelia, and architect for IgG avidity (M-PB); EIA, ISAGA, ICT, WB, and ELIFA for IgM and IgA (N-PB); EIA, ISAGA, and ICT for IgA (N-PB) | — | — | — | [17] |
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